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AS I SJ ill , I DREAMED A DREAM, 






ALTEMUS' YOUNG PEOPLES LIBRARY 
t 



THE 



Pilgrims Progress 



BY 

JOHN BUNYAN 



WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS^ 




3t*Zrk 



PHILADELPHIA 

HENRY ALTEMUS 

1895 






I 

IN 


UNIFORM BINDING 




PROFUSELY ILLUSTRATED 


ROBINSON 


CRUSOE 


BUNYAN'S 


PILGRIM'S PROGRESS 


A CHILD'S 


STORY OF THE BIBLE 


A CHILD'S 


LIFE OF CHRIST 


ALICE'S ADVENTURES IN WONDERLAND 


THROUGH 


THE LOOKING-GLASS 



Copyrighted, 1S95, by Henry Altemus 



HENRY ALTEMUS, MANUFACTURER 
PHILADELPHIA 



PREFACE. 

THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS is the most popular stoiy- 
book in the world. With the exception of the Bible it has 
been translated into more languages than any other book ever 

printed. 

John Bunyan is one of the two or three greatest writers of 
pure English. His style is a perfect model of simple, straight, 
plain and delightful writing. 

A demand seems to exist for an edition of this established 
work more suited to young people with our latter day tastes. 
The story is here told in Bunyan' s precise words. In a very few 
instances the text has been shortened but in no case mutilated; 
and his teachings and all the doctrinal features of his marvellous 
allegory are untouched. 

The first edition of the book was issued in 1678, and more 
than 100,000 copies were sold in the twenty years following its 

appearance. 

It is hoped that the present copiously illustrated edition may 
lead young readers to an appreciation of the author, and a 
further acquaintance with the facts in his eventful life. 

He composed and published many other works, some of 
great practical usefulness ; but these were eclipsed by the lasting 
fame and popularity attained by this his greatest production. 



THE AUTHOR'S APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 



WHEN at the first I took my pen in hand, 
Thus for to write, I did not understand 
That I at all should make a little book 
In such a mode ; nay, I had undertook 
To make another ; which, when almost done, 
Before I was aware, I this begun. 

And thus it was: I, writing of the way 
And race of saints in this our gospel-day, 
Fell suddenly into an allegory 
About their journey and the way to glory, 
In more than twenty things, which I set down: 
This done. I twenty more had in my crown ; 
And then again began to multiply, 
Like sparks that from the coals of fire do fly. 
Nay, then, thought I, if that you breed so fast, 
I'll put you by yourselves, lest you at last 
Should prove ad infinitum, and eat out 
The book that I already am about. 

Well, so I did; but yet I did not think 
To show to all the world my pen and ink 
In such a mode; I only thought to make 
I knew not what ; nor did I undertake. 
Thereby to please my neighbor ; no, not I ; 
I did it mine own self to gratify. 



viii THE A UTHORS APOLOG Y FOR HIS BOOK. 

Neither did I but vacant seasons spend 
In this my scribble; nor did I intend 
But to divert myself, in doing this, . 

From worser thoughts, which make me do amiss. 

Thus I set pen to paper with delight, 
And quickly had my thoughts in black and white. 
For having now my method by the end, 
Still as I pull'd, it came; and so I penn d 
It down ; until at last it came to be, 
For length and breadth, the bigness which you see. 

Well when I had thus put my ends together, 
I showed them others, that I might see whether 
They would condemn them, or them justify; 
And some said, Let them live; some Let them die: 
Some said, John, print it; others said, Not so: 
Some said, It might do good; others said, No. 

Now was I in a strait, and did not see 
Which was the best thing to be done by me: 
At last I thought, Since you are thus divided, 
I print it will; and so the case decided. 

For, thought I, some I see would have it done. 
Though others in that channel do not run: 
To prove, then, who advised for the best, 
Thus I thought fit to put it to the test. 

I further thought, if now I did deny 
Those that would have it thus to gratify, 
I did not know, but hinder them I might 
Of that which would to them be great delight: 
For those which were not for its coming forth, 
I said to them, Offend you I am loath; 
Yet since your brethren pleased with it be, 
Forbear to judge, till you do further see. 



THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS WOK. ix 

If that thou wilt not read, let it alone ; 
Some love the meat, some love to pick the bone ; 
Yea, that I might them better moderate, 
I did too with them thus expostulate : 



May I not write in such a style as this ? 
In such a method, too, and yet not miss 
My end, thy good? Why may it not be done ? 
Dark clouds bring waters, when the bright bring none. 
Yea, dark or bright, if they their silver drops 
Cause to descend, the earth, by yielding crops, 
Gives praise to both, and carpeth not at either, 
But treasures up the fruit they yield together ; 
Yea, so commixes both, that in their fruit 
None can distinguish this from that; they suit 
Her well when hungry ; but if she be full, 
She spews out both, and makes their blessing null. 



You see the ways the fisherman doth take 
To catch the fish ; what engines doth he make. 
Behold ! how he engageth all his wits ; 
Also his snares, lines, angles, hooks, and nets: 
Yet fish there be that neither hook nor line, 
Nor snare, nor net, nor engine, can make thine: 
They must be groped for, and be tickled too, 
Or they will not be catch' d, what e'er you do. 
How does the fowler seek to catch his game ? 
By divers means, all which one cannot name: 
His guns, his nets, his lime-twigs, light, and bell; 
He creeps, he goes, he stands ; yea, who can tell 
Of all his postures? Yet there's none of these 
Will make him master of what fowls he please. 
Yea, he must pipe and whistle to catch this, 
Yet, if he does so, that bird he will miss. 



If that a pearl may in a toad's head dwell, 
And may be found, too, in an oyster shell: 
If things that promise nothing do contain 
What better is than gold, who will disdain, 



THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 

That have an inkling of it there to look, 
That they may find it ? Now, my little book 
(Though void of all these paintings that may make 
It with this or the other man to take) 
Is not without those things that do excel 
What do in brave but empty notions dwell. 

Well, yet I am not fully satisfied, 
That this your book will stand when soundly tried. 

Why, what's the matter? It is dark ! What though i 
But it is feigned. What of that, I trow? 
Some men, by feigned words, as dark as mine, 
Make truth to spangle, and its rays to shine ! 
But they want solidness. Speak, man, thy mind ! 
They drown the weak ; metaphors make us blind. 

Solidity, indeed, becomes the pen 
Of him that writeth things divine to men : 
But must I needs want solidness, because 
By metaphors I speak? Were not God's laws, 
His gospel laws, in olden time held forth 
By shadows, types, and metaphors ? Yet loath 
Will any sober man be to find fault 
With them, lest he be found for to assault 
The Highest Wisdom. No; he rather stoops. 
And seeks to find out what by pins and loops, 
By calves and sheep, by heifers and by rams, 
By birds and herbs, and by the blood of lambs 
God speaketh to him ; and happy is he 
That finds the light and grace that in them be. 

Be not too forward, therefore, to conclude 
That I want solidness, that I am rude: 
All things solid in show, not solid be: 
All things in parable despise not we, 
Lest things most hurtful lightly we receive, 
And things that good are, of our souls bereave. 
My dark and cloudy words, they do but hold 
The truth, as cabinets enclose the gold. 



THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. xi 

The prophers used much by metaphors 
To set forth truth ; yea whoso considers 
Christ, His apostles too, shall plainly see 
The truths to this day in such mantles be. 

Am I afraid to say that Holy Writ, 
Which for its style and phrase puts down all wit, 
Is everywhere so full of all these things 
(Dark figures, allegories) ? yet there springs 
From that same book that lustre, and those rays 
Of light, that turn our darkest nights to days. 

Come, let my carper to his life now look, 
And find there darker linest han in my book 
He findeth any ; yea, and let him know, 
• That in his best things there are worse lines too. 

May we but stand before impartial men, 
To his poor one I dare adventure ten 
That they will take my meaning in these lines 
Far better than his lies in silver shrines. 
Come, Truth, although in swaddling-clouts I find, 
Informs the judgment, rectifies the mind; 
Pleases the understanding, makes the will 
Submit; the memory, too, it doth fill 
With what both our imagination please ; 
Likewise it tends our troubles to appease. 

Sound words, I know, Timothy is to use, 
And old wives' fables he is to refuse ; 
But yet grave Paul him nowhere did forbid 
The use of parables, in which lay hid 
That gold, those pearls, and precious stones that were 
Worth digging for, and that with greatest care. 

Let me add one word more: Oh, man of God! 
Art thou offended ? Dost thou wish I had 
Put forth my matter in another dress ? 
Or that I had in things been more express ? 
To those that are my betters, as is fit, 
Three things let me propound, then I submit: 



xii THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK. 

i. I find not that I am denied the use 
Of this my method, so I no abuse 
Put on the words, things, readers, or be rude 
In handling figure or similitude 
In application ; but all that I may- 
Seek the advance of truth, this or that way. 
Denied, did I say ? Nay, I have leave 
(Examples too, and that from them that have 
God better pleased, by their words or ways, 
Than any man that breatheth nowadays) 
Thus to express my mind, thus to declare 
Things unto thee that excellentest are. 

2. I find that men (as high as trees) will write 
Dialogue-wise ; yet no man doth them slight 
For writing so ; indeed, if they abuse 

Truth, cursed be they, and the craft they use 
To that intent ; but yet let truth be free 
To make her sallies upon thee and me, 
Which way it pleases God ; for who knows how 
Better than He that taught us first to plough, 
To guide our minds and pens for His design ? 
And He makes base things usher in Divine. 

3. I find that Holy Writ, in many places, 

Hath semblance with this method, where the cases 
Do call for one thing to set forth another: 
Use it I may then, and yet nothing smother 
Truth's golden beams: nay, by this method may 
Make it cast forth its rays as light as day. 

And now, before I do put up my pen, 
I'll show the profit of my book, and then 
Commit both me and it unto that Hand 
That pulls the strong down, and makes weak ones stand. 

This book, it chalketh out before thine eyes 
The man that seeks the everlasting prize: 
It shows yon whence he comes, whither he goes; 
What he leaves undone ; also what he does ; 



THE A UTHORS APOLOGY FOR HIS BOOK, xm 

It also shows you how he runs and runs, 
Till he unto the Gate of Glory comes. 
It shows, too, who set out for life amain, 
As if the lasting crown they would obtain. 
Here also you may see the reason why 
They lose their labor, and like fools do die. 

This book will make a traveller of thee, 
If by its counsel thou wilt ruled be ; 
It will direct thee to the Holy Land, 
If thou wilt its direction understand ; 
Yea, it will make the slothful active be ; 
The blind also delightful things to see. 

Art thou for something rare and profitable, 
Or wouldst thou see a truth within a fable ? 
Art thou forgetful ? Wouldst thou remember 
From New-year's day to the last of December ? 
Then read my fancies; they will stick like burs, 
And may be to the helpless comforters. 

This book is writ in such a dialect 
As may the minds of listless men affect ; 
It seems a novelty, and yet contains 
Nothing but sound and honest gospel strains. 

Wouldst thou divert thyself from melancholy ? 
Wouldst thou be pleasant, yet be far from folly ? 
Wouldst thou read riddles and their explanation, 
Or else be drowned in thy contemplation ? 
Dost thou love picking meat ? Or wouldst thou see 
A man i' the clouds, and hear him speak to thee ? 
Wouldst thou be in a dream and yet not sleep ? 
Or wouldst thou in a moment laugh and weep ? 
Wouldst thou lose thyself and catch no harm, 
And find thyself again without a charm ? 
Wouldst read thyself, and read thou knowest not what, 
And yet know whether thou art blest or not, 
By reading the same lines? Oh, then, come hither, 
And lay my book, thy head, and heart together. 

JOHN BUN VAX. 




THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



AS I walked through the wilderness of this world, I 
lighted on a certain place where was a Den, and I 
laid me down in that place to sleep ; and, as I slept, I 
dreamed a dream. I dreamed I saw a man clothed 
with rags, standing in a certain place, with his face 
from his own house, a book in his hand, and a great 
burden upon his back. I looked, and saw him open 
the book, and read therein ; and, as he read, he wept 
and trembled ; and, not being able longer to contain he 
brake out with a lamentable cry, saying, " What shall 
I do?" 

In this plight, therefore, -he went home and retrained 
himself as long as he could, that his wife and children 
should not perceive his distress ; but he could not be 
silent long, because that his trouble increased. Where- 



12 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

fore at length he brake his mind to his wife and chil- 
dren ; and thus he began to talk to them : O my dear 
wife, said he, and you my children, I am undone by 
reason of a burden that lieth hard upon me ; moreover, 
I am for certain informed that this our city will be burned 
with fire from heaven ; in which fearful overthrow, both 
myself, with thee, my wife, and you, my sweet babes, 
shall miserably come to ruin, except some way of 
escape can be found. At this his relations were sore 
amazed ; not for that they believed that what he said 
to them was true, but because they thought that some 
frenzy distemper had got into his head ; therefore, it 
drawing towards night, and they hoping that sleep 
might settle his brains, with all haste they got him to 
bed. But the night w T as as troublesome to him as the 
day ; wherefore, instead of sleeping, he spent it in 
sighs and tears. So, when the morning was come, they 
asked how he did. He told them, Worse and worse : 
and set to talking to them again ; but they began to be 
hardened. The also thought to drive away his dis- 
temper by harsh and surly carriages to him ; some- 
times they would deride, sometimes chide, and some- 
times they would quite neglect him. Wherefore he 
began to retire himself to his chamber, to pray for and 
pity them, and also to condole his own misery ; he 
would also walk solitarily in the fields, sometimes read- 
ing and sometimes praying : and thus for some days he 
spent his time. 

Now, I saw, when he was walking in the fields, that 
he was reading in his book, and greatly distressed in 
his mind ; and, as he read, he burst out, as he had 
done before, crying, " What shall I do to be saved ? " 

I saw also that he looked this way and that way, as 
if he would run ; yet he stood still, because, as I per- 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



*3 



ceived, he could not tell in which way to go. I 
looked then, and saw a man named Evangelist com- 
ing to him, who asked, Wherefore dost thou cry ? 

He answered, Sir, I 
perceive by the book in 
my hand, that I am con- 
demned to die, and after 
that to come to judg- 
ment ; and I find that I 
am not willing to do the 
first, nor able to do the 
second. 

Then said Evangelist, 
Why not willing to die, 
since this life is attend- 
ed with so many evils ? 
The man answered, Be- 
cause I fear that this 
burden that is upon my 
back will sink me lower 
than the grave, and I 
shall fall into Tophet. 
And, Sir, if I be not fit 
to go to prison, I am 
not fit, I am sure, to go 
to judgment, and from 
thence to execution ; 
and the thought of these 
things make me cry. 

Then said Evangelist, 
If this be by condition, why standest thou still ? He 
answered, Because I know not whither to go. Then 
he gave him a parchment roll, and there was written 
within, "Flee from the wrath to come. 




HE BEGAN TO PRAY. 



H 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



The man, therefore, read it, and looking upon 
Evangelist very carefully, said, Whither must 1 fly ? 
Then said Evangelist, pointing with his finger over 
a very wide field, Do you see yon- 
der wicket-gate ? The man said, 
No. ' Then said the other, Do you 
see yonder shining light ? He 
said, I think I do. Then said 
Evangelist, Keep that light in 
your eye, and go up directly 
thereto ; so shalt thou see the 
gate ; at which, when thou knock- 
est, it shall be told thee what 
thou shalt do. So I saw in my 
dream that the man began to run. 
Now, he had not run far from his 
own door, but his wife and chil- 
dren, perceiving it, began to cry 
after him to return ; but the man 
put his fingers in his ears, and 
ran on crying, Life ! life ! eternal 
life ! So he looked not behind 
him, but fled towards the middle 
of the plain. 

The neighbors also came out to 
see him run, and, as he ran, some 
mocked, others threatened, and 
some cried after him to return ; 
pliable. an d, among those that did so, 

there ^were two that resolved to 
fetch him back by force. The name of the one was 
Obstinate, and the name of the other was Pliable. 
Now, by this time, the man was a good distance from 
them ; but they pursued him, and in a little time they 




THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



*5 



overtook him. Then said the man, Neighbors, where- 
fore are ye come ? They said, To persuade you to go 
back with us. But he said, That can by no means be ; 
you dwell in the City of 
Destruction, the place 
where I also was born ; 
I see it to be so; and, 
dying there, sooner or 
later, you will sink lower 
than the grave, into 
a place that burns with 
fire and brimstone ; be 
content, good neigh- 
bors, and go along with 
me. 

Obstinate. What ! 
and leave our friends 
and our comforts be- 
hind us ? 

Yes, said Christian, 
for that was his name, 
because that all which 
you shall forsake is not 
worthy to be compared 
with a little of that 
which I am seeking to 
enjoy, and if you will 
go along with me, you 
shall fare as I myself; 
for there where I go, is 
enough and to spare. Come away and prove my words. 

Obstinate. What are the things you seek, since 
you leave all the world to find them? 

Christian. I seek an inheritance incorruptible, un- 




obstinate. 



1 6 THE PILGRnrS PROGRESS. 

defiled, and that fadeth not away, and it is laid up safe 
in heaven, to be bestowed, at the time appointed, on 
them that dilig.L-: -eek it. Read it so, it you will, in 
my book. 

stinate. Tush! away with your book; will you 
go back with us or no ? 

Christian. No, no: I. because I have laid my hand 
to the plough. 

Obstinate. Come, then, neighbor Pliable, let us 
turn and go home without him ; there is a company of 
these crazy-headed coxcombs, that, when they take a 
fancy, are wiser in their own eyes than seven men that 
can render a reason. 

Pliable. Then, don't revile; if what good Christian 
is true, the things he looks after are better than 
ours : my heart inclines to go with my neighbor. 

Obstinate. What! mure fools still ! Be ruled by me, 
and go back ; who knows whither such a brain-sick fel- 
low will lead you ? Go back, go back, and be wise. 

Christian. Nay, but do thou come with thy neigh- 
bor Pliable; there are to be had such things as I spoke 
of, and many more glories besides. If you believe me 
not, read in this book; and for the truth of what is 
pressed therein, behold, ail is confirmed by the blood of 
Him that made it. 

Pliable. Well, neighbor Obstinate, I begin to come 
to a point; I intend to go along and ca^ t with 

this good man; but, my good companion, do you know 
the way to this desired pla. 

Christian. I am directed by a man, whose name is 
Evangelist, to speed me to a little gate that is before us, 
where we shall receive instructions about the way. 

Pliable. Come, then, good neighbor, let us be go- 
ing. Then they went together. 



THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 7 

Obstinate. And I will go back to my place. I will 
be no companion of such misled, fantastical fellows. 

Now, I saw in my dream, that, when Obstinate was 
gone back, Christian and Pliable went talking over the 
plain ; and thus they began their discourse. 

Christian. Come, neighbor Pliable, how do you do? 
I am glad you are persuaded to go along with me. Had 
even Obstinate himself but felt what I have felt of the 
powers and terrors of what is yet unseen, he would not 
thus lightly have given us the back. 

Pliable. Come, neighbor Christian, since there are 
none but us two here, tell me now further what the 
things are, and how to be enjoyed, whither we are 
going. 

Christian. I can better conceive of them with my 
mind, than speak of them with my tongue, but yet, 
since you are desirous to know, I will read of them in 
my book. 

Pliable. And do you think that the words of your 
book are certainly true ? 

Christian. Yes, verily; for it was made by Him that 
cannot lie. 

Pliable. Well said; what things are they ? 

Christian. There is an endless kingdom to be in- 
habited, and everlasting life to be given us, that we may 
inhabit that kingdom forever. 

Pliable. Well said; and what else ? 

Christian. There are crowns of glory to be given 
us, and garments that will make us shine like the sun 
in the firmament of heaven. 

Pliable. This is very pleasant; and what else ? 

Christian. There shall be no more crying, nor sor- 
row ; for he that is owner of the place will wipe all tears 
from our eyes. 
I* 



18 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Pliable. And what company shall we have there ? 

Christian. There we shall be with seraphims and 
cherubims, creatures that will dazzle your eyes to look 
on them. There also you shall meet with thousands 
and ten thousands that have gone before us, none of 
them are hurtful, but loving and holy; every one walk- 
ing in the sight of God, and in his presence with accept- 
ance for ever. In a word, there we shall see the elders 
with their golden crowns; there we shall see the holy 
virgins with their golden harps; there we shall see men 
that by the world were cut in pieces, burnt in flames, 
eaten of beasts, drowned in the seas, for the love that 
they bare to the Lord of the place, all well, and clothed 
with immorality as with a garment. 

Pliable. The hearing of this is enough to ravish 
one's heart. But are these things to be enjoyed ? How 
shall we get to be sharers thereof ? 

Christian. The Lord, the Governor of the country, 
hath recorded that in this book ; the substance of which 
is, If we be truly willing to have it, he will bestow it 
upon us freely. 

Pliable. Well, my good companion, glad am I to 
hear of these things; come on, let us mend our pace. 

Christian. I cannot go so fast as I would, by reason 
of this burden that is on my back. 

Now, I saw in my dream, that just as they had ended 
this talk they drew near to a very miry slough, that 
was in the midst of the plain; and they, being heedless, 
did both fall suddenly into the bog. The name of the 
slough was Despond. Here, therefore, they wallowed 
for a time, being grievously bedaubed with dirt ; and 
Christian, because of the burden that was on his back 
began to sink in the mire. 

Pliable. Ah ! neighbor Christian, where are you 
now ? 




christian STRJJGQIWG in Tm<: si.oicii, 



20 THE PILGRIMS PROGRJ 

Truly, said Christian, I do not know. 

Pliable. At this Pliable began to be offended, and 

angrily said to his fellow. Is this the happiness you 

have told me all this while of ? If we have such ill 

ed at our first setting out, what may ect be- 

xt this and our journey's end ? V : out again 

th my life, you shall possess the brave country alone. 
And, with tha:. he a desperate struggle or r 

and got out of the mire on the side next to his own 
house : so away he went, and Christian saw him no 
more. 

Wherefore Christian was left :o tumble in the Slough 
of I ] alone ; but still he endeavored to struggle to 

tha: still further from his own house, and 

next : the wicket-gate : the which he did, but could 
net get out be. f the burden that was upon his 

back ; but I beheld in my dream, that a man came to 
him, whose name was Help, and asked him, What he 
did there ? 

Christian. Sir, I ^vas bid go this way by a man 
called Evangelist, who directed me also to yonder ga 
that I might escape the wrath to come ; and as I 
going thither I fell in here. 

Help. But why did not you look for the steps : 

Christian. Fear followed me so hard, that I fled the 
next way, and fell in. 

Help then gave him his hand, and he drew him out, 
and set him upon sound ground, and bid him go on his 
way. 

Then I stepped to him that plucked him out, and said, 
Sir, since over this place is the way from the City of 
Destruction to yonder gate, why is it :'":at this plat is 
not mended, that poor travellers might go thither with 
more security ? And he said unto me. This miry slough 



THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. 2 1 

is such a place as cannot be mended ; it is the descent 
whither the scum and filth that attends conviction for 
sin doth continually run, and therefore it is called the 
Slough of Despond ; for still, as the sinner is awakened 
about his lost condition, there ariseth in his soul many 
fears, and doubts and discouragements, all of which get 
together, and settle in this place. And this is the rea- 
son of the badness of this ground. It is not the pleas- 
ure of the King that this place should remain so bad. 
His laborers have, by the direction of His Majesty's 
surveyors, been for over sixteen hundred years em- 
ployed about this patch of ground, if perhaps it might 
be mended : yea, and to my knowledge, here have been 
swallowed up at least twenty thousand cartloads, yea, 
millions of good instructions, that have been brought 
from all places of the King's dominions, and they say 
they are the best materials to make good ground of the 
place, if so be it might have been mended ; but it is the 
Slough of Despond still, and so will be when they have 
done what they can. 

True, there are, by the direction of the Lawgiver, 
certain good and substantial steps, placed even through 
the very midst of this slough; but as this place doth 
much spew out its filth, as it doth at change of weather, 
these steps are hardly seen ; and men, through the diz- 
ziness of their heads, step beside, and are bemired not- 
withstanding the steps be there ; but the ground is good 
when they are once in the gate. 

Now, I saw in my dream, that by this time Pliable 
was got home to his house again, so that his neighbors 
came to visit him ; and some of them called him wise 
man for coming back, and some called him fool for haz- 
arding himself with Christian ; others again did mock 
at his cowardliness saying, Surely, since you began to 



22 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

venture, I would not have been so base to have given 
out for a few difficulties. So Pliable sat sneaking among 
them. But at last he got more confidence, and then 
they all turned their tales, and began to deride poor 
Christian behind his back. 

Now, as Christian was walking by himself, he espied 
one afar off, come crossing over the field to meet him ; 
and their hap was to meet just as they were crossing the 
way of each other. The gentleman's name was Mr. 
Wordly Wiseman ; he dwelt in the town of Carnal 
Policy, a very great town, hardby from whence Chris- 
tian came. This man then, meeting with Christian, 
and having heard of his setting forth from the City of 
Destruction, as it was much noised abroad, not only 
in the town where he dwelt, but, also it began to be 
the town talk in some other places. Mr. Worldly 
Wiseman, beholding his laborious going, and observing 
his sighs and groans, and the like, began thus to enter 
into some talk with Christian. 

Worldly. How now, good fellow, whither away 
after this burdened manner ? 

Christian. A. burdened manner, indeed, as ever 
poor creature had ! And whereas you ask me, Whither 
away ? I tell you, Sir, I am going to yonder wicket- 
gate before me ; for there, as I am informed, I shall be 
put into a way to get rid of my heavy burden. 

Worldly. Hast thou a wife and children ? 

Christian. Yes ; but I am so ladden with this bur- 
den, that I cannot take that pleasure in them as for- 
merly ; methinks I am as if I had none. 

Worldly. Wilt thou hearken unto me if I give thee 
counsel ? 

Christian. If it be good, I will ; for I stand in need 
of good counsel. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



23 



Worldly. I would advise thee, then, that thou with 
all speed get rid of thy burden ; for thou wilt never be 




WORLDLY WISEMAN. 



settled in thy mind till then ; nor canst thou enjoy the 
benefits of the blessing which God has bestowed upon 
thee till then. 



24 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. I seek to be rid of this heavy burden ; 
but get it off myself, I cannot ; nor is there any man in 
our country that can take it off my shoulders ; so I am 
going this way, as I told you, that I may be rid of it. 

Worldly. Who bid thee go this way to be rid of thy 
burden ? 

Christian. A man that appeared to me to be a very 
great and honorable person ; his name, as I remember, 
is Evangelist. 

Worldly. I beshrew him for his counsel ! there is 
not a more dangerous and troublesome way in the 
world than is that unto which he hath directed thee ; 
and that thou shalt find, if thou wilt be ruled by his 
counsel. Thou hast met with something, as I perceive, 
already ; for I see the dirt of the Slough of Despond is 
upon thee ; but that slough is the beginning of the sor- 
rows that do attend those that go on in that way. 
Hear me, I am older than thou ; thou art like to meet 
with, in the way which thou goest, weariness, pain, 
hunger, perils, nakedness, sword, lions, dragons, dark- 
ness, and death. These things are certainly true, hav- 
ing been confirmed by many testimonies. And why 
should a man so carelessly cast away himself, by giving 
heed to a stranger ? 

Christian. Why, Sir, this burden upon my back is 
more terrible to me than are all these things which you 
have mentioned ; nay, methinks I care not what I meet 
with in the way, if so be I can also meet with deliver- 
ance from my burden. 

Worldly. How earnest thou by the burden at first ? 

Christian. By reading this book in my hand. 

Worldly. I thought so ; and it is happened unto 
thee as to other weak men, who, meddling with things 
too high for them, do suddenly fall into distractions, 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 25 

which do not only unman men, as thine, I perceive has 
done thee, but run them upon desperate ventures to ob- 
tain they know not what. 

Christian. I know what I would obtain • it is ea<e 
from my heavy burden. 

Worldly. Hadst thou but patience to hear me I 
could direct thee to the obtaining of what thou desire'st 
without the dangers thou wilt run thyself into • yea' 
and the remedy is at hand. Besides, instead of 'those 
dangers, tnou shalt meet with safety, friendship and 
content. 

Christian. Pray, Sir, open this secret to me 
Worldly. Why, in yonder village, named Moral- 
ity, there dwells a gentleman whose name is Legality 
a very judicious man, and a man of a very good nam'-' 
that has skill to help men off with such burdens as 
thine ; yea, to my knowledge, he hath done a great 
deal of good this way ; ay, and he hath skill to cure 
those that are somewhat crazed in their wits with their 
burdens. To him go and be helped presently His 
house is not quite a mile from this place, and if he 
should not be at home himself, he hath a pretty youno- 
man to his son, whose name is Civility, that can do it as 
well as the old gentleman himself ; there, I say thou 
mayest be eased of thy burden ; and if thou art not 
minded to go back to thy former habitation, as, indeed 
I would not wish thee, thou mayest send for thy wife 
and children to thee to this village, where there are 
houses now empty, one of which thou mayest have at 
reasonable rates ; provision is there also cheap and 
good ; and that which will make thy life the more 
happy is, to be sure, there thou shalt live by honest 
neighbors, in credit and good fashion. 

Now was Christian somewhat to a stand ; but pros- 



26 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

ently he concluded, If this be true, which this gentle- 
man hath said, my wisest course is to take his advice; 
and wtih that he thus further spoke, Sir, which is my 
way to this honest man's house ? 

Worldly.- Do you see yonder hill ? As you go by 
it the first house you come to is his. 

So Christian turned out of his way to go to Mr. 
Legality's house for help ; but, behold, when he was 
got now hard-by the hill, it seemed so high, and also 
that side of it that was next the wayside, did hang so 
much over, that Christian was afraid to venture further, 
lest the hill should fall on his head ; wherefore there he 
stood still, and knew not what to do. His burden now 
seemed heavier to him than before. There came also 
flashes of fire out of the hill, that made Christian sweat 
and quake for fear that he should be burned. 

And now he began to be sorry that he had taken 
Worldly Wiseman's counsel. Then he saw Evangelist 
coming to meet him ; at the sight of whom he began to 
blush for shame. Evangelist drew nearer ; and com- 
ing up to him, looked upon him with a severe coun- 
tenance, and thus began to reason with Christian. 

Evangelist. What dost thou here, Christian? Which 
words Christian knew not what to answer, and stood 
speechless before him. Then said Evangelist. Art 
not thou the man that I found crying without the walls 
of the City of Destruction ? 

Christian. Yes, dear Sir, I am the man. 

Evangelist. Did I not direct the way to the little 
wicket-gate ? 

Christian. Yes, dear Sir. 

Evangelist. How is it then, that thou art so quick- 
ly turned aside ? for thou art now out of the way. 

Christian. I met with a gentleman so soon as I had 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 27 

got over the Slough of Despond, who persuaded me 
that I might, in yonder village, find a man that could 
take off my burden. He looked like a gentleman, and 
talked much to me, and got me at last to yield ; so I 
came hither ; but when I beheld this hill, and how it 
hangs over the way, I suddenly made a stand lest it 
should fall on my head. 

Evangelist. What said that gentleman to you ? 

Christian. Why, he asked me whither I was going? 
And I told him. He asked me if I had a family ? And 
I told him. But, said I, I am so loaden with the bur- 
den that is on my back, that I cannot take pleasure 
in them as formerly. He also bid me with speed get 
rid of my burden ; and I told him it was ease that I 
sought. And, said I, I am therefore going to yonder 
gate, to receive further direction how I may get to 
the place of deliverance. So he said that he would 
show me a better way, and short, not so attended with 
difficulties as the way, Sir, that you set me in ; which 
way, said he, will direct you to a gentleman's house 
that hath skill to take off these burdens, so I believed 
him, and turned out of that way into this. But when 
I came to this place, and beheld things as they are, I 
stopped for fear of danger; but I now know not what 
to do. 

Then, said Evangelist, stand still a little, that I may 
show thee the words of God. So he stood trembling. 
Then said Evangelist, " See that ye refuse not him that 
speaketh. For if they escaped not who refused him 
that spake on earth, much more sliall not we escape y if 
we turn away from him that spcakctJi from heaven. 
Now the just shall live by faith : but if any man draw- 
back, my soul shall have no pleasure in him." He also 
did thus apply them : Thou art the man that art run- 



28 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

ning into this misery ; thou hast begun to reject the 
counsel of the Most High, and to draw back thy foot 
from the way of peace, even almost to the hazarding 
of thy perdition. 

Then Christian fell down at his feet as dead, crying, 
"Woe is me, for I am undone ! " At the sight of 
which, Evangelist caught him by the right hand, say- 
ing, * ' All manner of sin and blasphemy shall be forgiven 
unto men. Be not faithless, but believing. " Then 
Christian revived a little and stood up trembling as 
before. 

Then Evangelist said, Give more earnest heed to the 
things that I tell thee of. I will now show thee who it 
was that deluded thee, and who it was also to whom he 
sent thee. The man that met thee is one Worldly 
Wiseman, so called because he savoreth only the doc- 
trine of this world, and because he loveth that doctrine 
best, for it saveth him best from the cross. And as he 
is of this carnal temper, he seeketh to prevent my ways 
though right. Now, there are three things in this 
man's counsel that thou must utterly abhor. 

(i) His turning thee out of the way. (2) His 
laboring to render the cross odious to thee. And 
(3) His setting thy feet in that way that leadeth unto 
death. 

First, thou must abhor his turning thee out of the 
way, and thine own consenting thereto ; because this 
is to reject the counsel of God for the sake of the coun- 
sel of a Worldly Wiseman. The Lord says, " Strive to 
enter in at the strait gate," the gate to which I send 
thee ; for "strait is the gate that leadeth unto life, and 
few there be that find it. " From this little wicket-gate, 
and from the way thereto, hath this wicked man turned 
thee, to the bringing of thee almost to destruction ; 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 29 

hate, therefore, his turning thee out of the way, and 
abhor thyself for hearkening to him. 

Secondly, thou must abhor his laboring to render the 
cross odious unto thee ; for thou art to prefer it "be- 
fore the treasures in Egypt." Besides, the King of 
glory hath told thee, that he that "will save his life 
shall lose it." And, "He that cometh after me, and 
hateth not his father, and mother, and wife, and chil- 
dren, and brethren, and sisters, yea, and his own life 
also, he cannot be my disciple." I say, therefore, if 
man persuade thee, that that shall be thy death, with- 
out which, the truth hath said, thou canst not have 
eternal life ; this doctrine thou must abhor. 

Thirdly, Thou must hate his setting of thy feet in the 
way that leadeth to death. And for this thou must 
consider to whom he. sent thee, and also how unable 
that person was to deliver thee from thy burden. 

He to whom thou was sent for ease, by name Legal- 
ity, is the son of the bondwoman which now is in 
bondage w T ith her children ; and is, in a mystery, this 
Mount Sinai, which thou hast feared will fall on thy 
head. Now, if she, with her children, are in bondage, 
how canst thou expect by them to be made free ? This 
Legality, therefore, is not able to set thee free from 
thy burden. No man was as yet ever rid of his burden 
by him ; no, nor ever is like to be : ye cannot be justi- 
fied by the works of the law ; therefore, Worldly Wise- 
man is an alien, and Legality is a cheat ; and his 
son Civility is but a hypocrite and cannot help thee. 
Believe me, there is nothing in all this noise, that thou 
hast heard of these sottish men, but a design to beguile 
thee of thy salvation, by turning thee from the way in 
which I had set thee. After this, Evangelist called 
aloud to the heavens for confirmation of what he had 



30 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

said : and with that there came words and fire out of 
the mountain under which poor Christian stood, that 
made his hair stand up. The words were thus pro- 
nounced : " As many as are of the works of the law are 
under the curse ; for it is written, Cursed is every one 
that continueth not in all things which are written in 
the book of the law to do them." 

Now Christian looked for nothing but death, and 
began to cry lamentably ; cursing the time he met 
Worldly Wiseman, calling himself a thousand fools for 
hearkening to his counsel ; he also was greatly ashamed 
to think that this gentleman's arguments, flowing only 
from the flesh, should cause him to forsake the right 
way. This done, he applied himself again to Evan- 
gelist. 

Christian. Sir, what think you ? Is there hope ? 
May I now go back to the wicket-gate ? Shall I not be 
abandoned, and sent back ashamed ? I am sorry I have 
hearkened to this man's counsel. But may my sin be 
forgiven ? 

Evangelist. Thy sin is very great, for thou hast 
committed two evils : thou hast forsaken the way that 
is good, to tread in forbidden paths ; yet will the man 
at the gate receive thee, for he has good-will for men ; 
only, take heed that thou turn not aside again, "lest 
thou perish from the way, when his wrath is kindled 
but a little." 

Then did Christian decide to go back ; and Evan- 
gelist kissed him, gave him one smile, and bid him 
God-speed. So he went on with haste, neither spake 
he to any man by the way ; nor, if any asked him, 
would he vouchsafe them an answer. He went on 
like one that was treading on forbidden ground, and 
could by no means think himself safe, till again he was 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



3i 



got into the way which he left. So Christian got up to 
the gate. Now, over the gate was written, " Knock, 
and it shall be opened unto you." He knocked, there- 
fore, more than once 
or twice. 

At last there came 
to the gate a grave 
person named Good- 
will, who asked who 
was there? and 
whence he came? and 
what he would have ? 

Christian. Here 
is a poor burdened 
sinner. I come from 
the City of Destruc- 
tion, but am going to 
Mount Zion, that I 
may be delivered 
from the wrath to 
come. I would there- 
fore ask, Sir, since I 
am informed that this 
gate is the way 
thither, if you are 
willing to let me in ? 

Good-will. I am 
willing with all my 
heart, said he ; and 
with that he opened 
the gate. 

So when Christian 
was stepping in, the other gave him a pull. Then 
said Christian, What means that? The other told 




CHRISTIAN GETS A PULL AS HE WAS 
STEPPING IN. 



32 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

him. A little distance from the gate, there is a castle, 
of which Beelzebub is the captain, and he and them 
that are with him shoot arrows at those who come 
up to this gate, if haply they may die before they can 
enter in. 

Then said Christian, I rejoice and tremble. When 
he was got in, the man of the gate asked him who 
directed him thither ? 

Christian. Evangelist bid me come and knock ; and 
that you, Sir, would tell me what I must do. 

Good-will. But how is it that you came alone ? 

Christian. Because none of my neighbors saw their 
danger as I saw mine. 

Good-will. Did any of them know of your coming ? 

Christian. Yes ; my wife and children saw me at 
the first, and called after me to turn again ; also some 
of my neighbors stood crying after me to return ; but 
I put my fingers in my ears, and came on my way. 

Good-will. But did none of them follow you to 
persuade you to go back ? 

Christian. Yes, both Obstinate and Pliable ; but 
when they saw that they could not prevail, Obstinate 
went railing back, but Pliable came with me a little 
way, until we came to the Slough of Despond, into the 
which we suddenly fell. And then Pliable was dis- 
couraged, and would not adventure further. Where- 
fore, getting out again on that side next to his own 
house, he told me I should possess the brave country 
alone ; so he went his way, and I came mine. 

Good-will. Alas, poor man ! is the celestial glory 
of so small esteem with him, that he counteth it not 
worth running the hazards of a few difficulties to obtain 
it ? 

Christian. Truly, I have said the truth of Pliable, 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



33 



and if I should also say all the truth to myself, it will 
appear there is no betterment betwixt him and myself. 
It is true, he went back to his own house, but I also 
turned aside to go in 
the way of death, be- 
ing persuaded there- 
to by the carnal 
arguments of one 
Worldly Wiseman. 

Good-will. Oh, 
did he light upon 
you and did you take 
his counsel ? 

Christian. Yes, 
as far as I durst ; I 
went to find out Le- 
gality, until I thought 
the mountain that 
stands by his house 
would have fallen 
upon my head ; 
wherefore I was 
forced to stop. 

Good-will. That 
mountain has been 
the death of many, 
and will be the death 
of many more ; it is 
well you escaped be- 
ing by it dashed in 
pieces. 

Christian. Why, truly, I do not know what had be- 
come of me there, had not Evangelist happily met me 
again, as I was musing in the midst of my dumps ; but 

2 




BEELZEBUB SHOOTING ARROWS. 



34 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

it was God's mercy that he came to me again, for else I 
had never come hither. But now I am come, such a 
one as I am; more fit, indeed, for death by that moun- 
tain than thus to stand talking with my Lord ; but, oh, 
what a favor is this to me, that yet I am admitted 
here ! 

Good-will. We make no objections against any, 
notwithstanding all that they have done before they 
eame hither. They are " in no wise cast out/' and 
therefore, good Christian, come a little way with me, 
and I will teach thee about the way thou must go. 
Look before thee ; dost thou see this norrow way ? 
That is the way thou must go ; it was cast up by patri- 
archs, prophets, Christ and his apostles ; and it is as 
straight as a rule can make it. This is the way thou 
must go. 

Christian. But, are there no turnings or windings, 
by which a stranger may lose his way ? 

Good-will. Yes, there are many wa}^s leading from 
this, and they are crooked and wide. But thou mayest 
distinguish the right from the wrong, the right only be- 
ing straight and narrow. 

Then I saw in my dream, that Christian asked him 
further if he could not help him off with his burden 
that was upon his back ; for as yet he had not got rid 
thereof, nor could he by any means get it off without 
help. He told him, As to thy burden be content to 
bear it, until thou comest to the place of deliverance ; 
for there it will fall from thy back of itself. 

Then Christian girded up his loins, and prepared for 
his journey. So the other told him, that some distance 
from the gate he would come to the house of the Inter- 
preter, at whose door he should knock, and he would 
show him excellent things. Then Christian took leave 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 35 

of his friend, bidding him God-speed. Then he went on 
to the house of the Interpreter, where he knocked until 
one came to the door, and asked who was there. 

Christian. Sir, here is a traveller, who was bid by 
an acquaintance of the good master of this house to call 
here and speak with him. So the master of the house 
after a little time came to Christian, and asked him 
what he would have. Sir, said Christian, I am come 
from the City of Destruction, and am going to the 
Mount Zion. I was told that if I called here, you 
would show me excellent things, such as would be a 
help to me in my journey. 

Interpreter. Come in ; I will show that which w T ill 
be profitable to thee. So he commanded his man to 
light the candle, and bid Christian follow him into a 
private room where Christian saw the picture of a very 
grave person hang up against the wall. It had eyes 
lifted up to heaven, the best of books in his hands, the 
law of truth was written upon his lips, the world was 
behind his back. It stood as if it pleaded with men, 
and a crown of gold did hang over his head. 

Then said Christian, what meaneth this ? 

Interpreter. This picture is to show thee that this 
man's work is to know and unfold dark things to sin- 
ners ; even as thou seest him stand as if he pleaded with 
men ; and whereas thou seest the world as cast behind 
him, and that a crown hangs over his head, that is to show 
thee that, slighting and despising the things that are 
present for the love that he hath to his Master's service, 
he is sure in the world that comes next to have glory 
for his reward. Now, I have showed thee this picture 
first, because the man whose picture this is, is the only 
man whom the Lord of the place, whither thou art go- 
ing, hath authorized to be thy guide in all difficult 



36 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

places thou mayest meet with in the way ; wherefore 
take good heed to what I have showed thee, and bear 
well in thy mind what thou hast seen, lest in thy jour- 
ney thou meet with some that pretend to lead thee 
right, but their way goes down to death. 

Then he took him by the hand, and led him into a 
very large parlor that was full of dust, because never 
swept ; the Interpreter called for a man to sweep. 
Now, when he began to sweep, the dust began so abun- 
dantly to fly about, that Christian had almost therewith 
been choked. Then said the Interpreter to a damsel 
that stood by, Bring hither the water and sprinkle the 
room. When she had done this it was swept and 
cleansed with pleasure. 

Christian. What means this ? 

The Interpreter answered, This parlor is the heart 
of a man that was never sanctified by the sweet grace 
of the gospel ; the dust is his original sin and inward 
corruptions, that have defiled the w T hole man. He that 
began to sweep at first, is the Law ; but she that 
brought water, and did sprinkle it, is the Gospel. 
Now, whereas thou sawest, that so soon as the first 
began to sweep, the dust did so fly about that the room 
by him could not be cleansed, but that thou wast 
almost choked therewith ; this is to show thee, that 
the law, instead of cleansing the heart (by its working) 
from sin, doth revive, put strength into, and increase it 
in the soul, even as it doth discover and forbid it, for it 
doth not give power to subdue. 

Again, as thou sawest the damsel sprinkle the room 
w T ith water, upon w T hich it was cleansed with pleasure ; 
this is to show thee, that when the gospel comes, in the 
sweet and precious influences thereof, to the heart, then 
as the damsel laid the dust by sprinkling the floor w r ith 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 37 

water, so is sin vanquished and subdued', and the soul 
made clean through the faith of it, and consequently fit 
for the King- of glory to inhabit. 

I saw, moreover, in my dream, that the Interpreter 
took him by the hand, and had him into a little room, 
where sat two little children, each one in his chair. 
The name of the eldest was Passion, and the name of the 
other Patience. Passion seemed to be much discon- 
tented ; but Patience was very quiet. Then Christian 
asked, What is the reason of the discontent of Passion ? 
The Interpreter answered, The Governor would have 
him stay for his best things till the beginning of the 
next year ; but he will have all now ; but Patience is 
willing to wait. Then I saw that one came to Passion, 
and brought him a bag of treasure, and poured it down 
at his feet, which he took up and rejoiced therein, and 
withal laughed Patience to scorn. But I beheld but a 
while, and he had lavished all away, and nothing left 
him but rags. 

Christian. Expound this matter more fully to me. 

Interpreter. So he said, These two lads are sym- 
bols. Passion, of the men of this world ; and Patience, 
of the men of that which is to come ; for as here thou 
seest, Passion will have his all this year, that is to say, 
in this world ; so are the men of this world : they must 
have all their good things now. The proverb, " A bird 
in the hand is worth two in the bush/' is of more 
authority with them than are all the Divine testimonies 
of the good of the world to come. But as thou sawest 
that he had quickly lavished all away, and had presently 
left him nothing but rags ; so will it be with all such 
men at the end of this world. 

Christian. Now I see that Patience has the best 
wisdom, and that upon many accounts. First, because 



3S THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

he stays for the best things. Second, because he will 
have the glory of his when the other has nothing but 
rags. 

Interpreter. Nay, you may add another; to wit, 
the glory of the next world will never wear out, but 
these are suddenly gone. Therefore Passion had not so 
much reason to laugh at Patience, because he had his 
good things first, as Patience will have to laugh at Pas- 
sion, because he had his best things last ; for first must 
give place to last, because last must have his time to 
come ; but last gives place to nothing ; for there is not 
another to succeed. He, therefore, that hath his por- 

D first, must needs have a time to spend it ; but he 
that hath his portion last, must have it lastingly ; there- 
fore it is said of Dives, k * Thou in thy lifetime receivedst 
thy good things, and likewise Lazarus evil things ; but 
now he is comforted, and thou art tormented." 

Then I saw in my dream that the Interpreter took 
Christian by the hand, and led him into a place where 
was a fire burning against the wall, and one standing by 
it, always casting much water upon it, to quench it ; 
yet did the fire burn higher and hotter. 

Then ?aid Christian, What means this ? 

The Interpreter answered, This fire is the work of 
grace that is wrought in the heart ; he that casts water 
upon it to extinguish and put it out, is the Devil ; but 
notwithstanding that the fire burns higher and hotter. 
Thou shalt also see the reason of that. So he turned 
about to the back side of the wall, where he saw a man 
with a vessel of oil in his hand, which oil he did contin- 
ually cast secretly into the fire. 

Christian. What means this ? 

Interpreter. This is Christ who continually, with 
the oil of his grace, maintains the work already begun 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 39 

m the heart ; by means of which, notwithstanding- what 
the Devil can do, the souls of his people prove gracious 
still. And the man that stood behind the wall to main- 
tain the fire is to teach thee that it is hard for the 
tempted to see how this work of grace is maintained in 
the soul. 

I saw also, that the Interpreter took him again by the 
hand, and led him into a pleasant place, where was 
builded a stately palace, beautiful to behold ; at the 
sight of which Christian was greatly delighted. He saw 
also on the top thereof, certain persons walking, who 
were clothed all in gold. 

Then said Christian, May we go in thither ? 

Then the Interpreter took him, arid led him up to- 
wards the palace; and behold at the door stood a 
great company of men, as desirous to go in, but durst 
not. There also sat a man at a little distance from the 
door, at a tableside, with a book and his inkhorn before 
him, to take the name of him that should enter therein ; 
he saw also, that in the doorway stood many men in 
armor to keep it, being resolved to do the men that 
would enter what hurt and mischief they could. Now 
was Christian somewhat in amaze. At last, when every 
man started back for fear of the armed men, Christian 
saw a man of a very stout countenance come up to the 
man that sat there to write, saying, "Set down my 
name, Sir ;" the which when he had done, he saw the 
man draw his sword, and put an helmet upon his head, 
and rush toward the door upon the armed men, who 
laid upon him with deadly force ; but the man, not at 
all discouraged, fell to cutting and hacking most fierce- 
ly. So after he had received and given many wounds 
to those that attempted to keep him out, he cut his 
way through them all, and pressed forward into the 



40 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

palace, at which there was a pleasant voice heard 
from those within, that walked upon the top of the 
• palace, saying, "Come in, come in, Eternal glory thou 
shalt win." 

So he went in, and was clothed with such garments as 
they. Then Christian smiled and said, I think verily I 
know the meaning of this. 

Xow, said Christian, let me go hence. Nay, stay, 
said the Interpreter, till I have shown thee a little more, 
and after that thou shalt go on thy way. So he took 
him by the hand again, and led him into a very dark 
room, where there sat a man in an iron cage. Now the 
man, to look on, seemed very sad ; he sat with his eyes 
looking down to the ground, his hands folded together, 
and he sighed as if he would break his heart. Then 
said Christian, What means this ? At which the Inter- 
preter bid him talk with the man. Then said Christian 
to the man, What art thou ? The man answered, I am 
what I was not once. 

Christian. What wast thou once ? 

Man. I was once a fair and flourishing professor, 
both in mine own eyes and also in the eyes of others ; I 
once was, as I thought, fair for the Celestial City, and 
1 had joy at the thoughts that I should get thither. 

Christian. Well, but what art thou now ? 

Man. I am now a man of despair, and am shut up 
in it, as in this iron cage. I cannot get out. Oh, now 
I cannot ! 

Christian. But how earnest thou in this condition ? 

Man. I left off to watch and be sober ; I laid the 
reins upon the neck of my lusts ; I sinned against the 
light of the World and the goodness of God ; I have 
grieved the Spirit, and he is gone ; I tempted the devil, 
and he is come to me ; I have provoked God to anger, 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 41 

and he has left me ; I have so hardened my heart, that 
I cannot repent. 

Then said Christian to the Interpreter, But is there 
no hope for such a man as this ! Ask him, said the 
Interpreter. Nay, said Christian, pray Sir, do you. 

Then said the Interpreter, Is there no hope, but you 
must be kept in the iron cage of despair ? 

Man. No, none at all. 

Interpreter. Why, the Son of the blessed is very 
pitiful. 

Man. I have crucified him to myself afresh ; I have 
despised his person ; I have despised his righteousness ; 
I have "counted his blood an unholy thing; I have 
done despite to the Spirit of grace. " Therefore I have 
shut myself out of all the promises, and there now re- 
mains to me nothing but threatenings, dreadful threat- 
enings, fearful threatenings of certain judgment and 
fiery indignation, which shall devour me as an adversary. 

Interpreter. For what did you bring yourself into 
this condition ? 

Man. For the lusts, pleasures, and profits of this 
world ; in the enjoyment of which I did then promise 
myself much delight ; but now every one of those things 
also bite me, and gnaw me like a burning worm. 

Interpreter. But canst thou not now repent and 
turn ? 

Man. God hath denied me repentance. His Word 
gives me no encouragement to believe ; yea, himself 
hath shut me up in this iron cage ; nor can all the men 
in the world let me out. O eternity, eternity ! how 
shall I grapple with the misery that I must meet with 
in eternity ! 

Interpreter. Let this man's misery be remembered 
by thee, and be an everlasting caution to thee. 



42 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. Well, this is fearful ! God help me to 
watch and be sober, and to pray that I may shun the 
cause of this man's misery ! Sir, is it not time for me 
to go on my way now ? 

Interpreter. Tarry till I shall show thee one thing 
more, and then thou shalt go on thy way. 

So he took Christian by the hand again, and led him 
into a chamber, where there was one rising out of bed; 
and as he put on his raiment, he shook and trembled. 
Then said Christian, Why doth this man thus tremble ? 
The Interpreter then bid him tell to Christian the 
reason of his so doing. So he began and said, This 
night, as I was in my sleep, I dreamed, and behold the 
heavens grew exceedingly black ; also it thundered and 
lightened in most fearful wise, that it put me into an 
agony; so I looked up in my dream, and saw the clouds 
rack at an unusual rate, upon which I heard a great sound 
of a trumpet, and saw also a man sit upon a cloud, at- 
tended with the thousands of heaven ; they were all in 
flaming fire ; also the heavens were in a burning flame. 
I heard then a voice, saying, " Arise, ye dead, and come 
to judgment; " and with that the rocks rent, the graves 
opened, and the dead that were therein came forth. 
Some of them were exceeding glad, and looked upward ; 
and some sought to hide themselves under the moun- 
tains. Then I saw the man that sat upon the cloud 
open the book, and bid the world draw near. Yet there 
was, by reason of a fierce flame which issued out and 
came from before him, a convenient distance betwixt 
him and them, as betwixt the judge and the prisoners at 
the bar. I heard it also proclaimed to them that at- 
tended on the man that sat on the cloud, "Gather to- 
gether the tares, the chaff, and stubble, and cast them 
into the burning lake. " And with that the bottomless pit 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



43 



opened, just whereabout I stood ; out of the mouth of 
which there came, in 
an abundant manner, 
smoke and coals of 
fire, with hideous 
noises. It was also 
said to the same per- 
sons, " Gather my 
wheat into the gar- 
ner/' And with that 
I saw many catched 
up and carried away 
into the clouds, but 
I was left behind. I 
also sought to hide 
myself, but I could 
not, for the man that 
sat upon the cloud 
still kept his eye upon 
me ; my sins also 
came into my mind ; 
and my conscience 
did accuse me on 
every side. Upon 
this I awaked from 
my sleep. 

Christian. But 
what was it that made 
you so afraid of this 
sight ? 

Man. Why, I 
thought that the day 
of judgment was come, and that I was not ready for it ; 
but this frighted me most, that the angels gathered up 




THE BOTTOMLESS TIT OPENED JUST 
WHERE I STOOD. 



44 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRL 

several and left me behind ; also the pit of hell opened 
her mouth just where I stood. My conscience, too, 
afflicted me ; and, as I thought, the Judge had always 
his eye upon me, showing indignation in his coun- 
tenance. 

Then said the Interpreter to Christian, Hast thou 
considered all these things ? 

Christian. Yes, and they put me in hope and fear. 

Interpreter. Well, keep all things so in thy mind 
that they may be as a goad in thy sides, to prick thee 
forward in the way thou must go. 

Then Christian began to gird up his loins, and to 
address himself to his journey. Then said the Inter- 
preter, The Comforter be always with thee, good Chris- 
tian, to guide thee in the way that leads to the City. 
So Christian went on his way. 

Xow I saw in my dream, that the highway up which 
Christian was to go, was fenced on either side with a 
wall, and that wall was called Salvation. Up this way, 
therefore, did burdened Christian run, but not without 
great difficulty, because of the load on his back. 

He ran thus till he came to a place somewhat ascend- 
ing, and upon that place stood a cross, and a little 
below, in the bottom, a sepulchre. So I saw in my 
dream, that just as Christian came up with the cross, 
his burden loosed from off his shoulders, and fell from 
off his back, and began to tumble, and so continued to 
do till it came to the mouth of the sepulchre, where it 
fell in, and I saw it no more. 

Then was Christian glad and lightsome, and said 
with a merry heart, "He hath given me rest by his 
sorrow, and life by his death. " Then he stood still a 
while to look and wonder ; for it was very surprising 
to him, that the sight of the cross should thus ease him 




HIS BURDEN FELL OFF HIS HACK 



46 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

of his burden. He looked therefore, and looked again, 
even till the springs that were in his head sent the 
waters down his cheeks. Now, as he stood looking 
and weeping, behold three Shining Ones came to him 
and saluted him with, "Peace be to thee." So the 
first said to him, "Thy sins be forgiven thee," the 
second stripped him of his rags, and clothed him "with 
change of raiment," the third also set a mark on his 
forehead, and gave him a roll with a seal upon it, 
which he bade him look on as he ran, and that he 
should give it in at the Celestial gate. 

Then Christian gave three leaps for joy, and went on 
singing. 

I saw then in my dream, that he went on thus until 
he came at a bottom, where he saw, a little out of the 
way, three men fast asleep, with fetters upon their heels. 
The name of the one was Simple, another Sloth, and 
the third Presumption. 

Christian seeing them lie in this case went to them, 
if peradventure he might awake them, and cried, You 
are like them that sleep on the top of a mast, for the 
Dead Sea is under you — a gulf that hath no bottom. 
Awake, therefore, and come away ; be willing also, 
and I will help you off with your irons. He also told 
them, If he that " goeth about like a roaring lion " 
comes by, will certainly become a pray to his teeth. 
With that they looked upon him, and began to reply 
in this sort : Simple said, "I see no danger ;" Sloth 
said, "Yet a little more sleep;" and Presumption 
said, "Every tub must stand upon its own bottom, 
what is the answer else that I should give thee ?" And 
so they lay down to sleep again, and Christian went on 
his way. 

Yet was he troubled to think that men in that danger 




THE THREE SHINING ONES 



48 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 

should so little esteem the kindness of him that so 
freely offered to help them, by awakening them, coun- 
selling them, and proffering to help them off with 
their irons. And as he was troubled thereabout, he 
espied two men come tumbling over the wall, on the 
left hand of the narrow way ; and they made up apace 
to him. The name of the one was Formalist, and the 
name of the other Hypocrisy. Christian then entered 
into discourse with them. 

Christian. Gentlemen, whence came you, and 
whither go you ? 

Formalist and Hipocrisy. We were born in the 
land of Vainglory, and are going for praise to Mount 
Zion. 

Christian. Why came you not in at the gate which 
standeth at the beginning of the way ? Know you not 
that it is written, that he that cometh not in by the 
door, " but climbeth up some other way, the same is a 
thief and a rohber ? " 

Formalist and Hypocrisy said, That to go to the 
gate for entrance was, by all their countrymen, counted 
too far about ; and that, therefore, their usual way was 
to make a short cut of it, and to climb over the wall, as 
they had done. 

Christian. But will it not be counted a trespass ? 

Formalist and Hypocrisy told him then, That he 
needed not to trouble his head thereabout ; what they 
did they had custom for and could produce testimony 
that would witness it for more than a thousand years. 

Christian. But, will your practice stand a trial at 
law ? 

Formalist and Hypocrisy. That custom, being of so 
long a standing as above a thousand years, would, 
doubtless, now be admitted as a thing legal by any 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



49 



besides, if we get into the way, 
way we get in ? if we are in, 



impartial judge ; and 
what's matter which 
we are in ; thou art but in 
the way, who, as we per- 
ceive, came in at the gate; 
and we are also in the 
way, that came tumbling 
over the wall : wherein, 
now, is thy condition bet- 
ter than ours ? 

Christian. I walk by 
the rule of my Master ; 
you walk by the rude 
working of your fancies. 
You are counted thieves 
already by the Lord of the 
way; therefore, I doubt 
you will not be found true 
men at the end. You come 
in by yourselves, without 
his direction ; and shall go 
out by yourselves, without 
his mercy. 

To this they made him 
but little answer ; only 
they bid him look to him- 
self. Then I saw that they 
went on every man in his 
way, without much con- 
ference one with another ; 
save that these two men 
told Christian, that, as to 

laws and ordinances, they doubted not but they should 
as conscientiously do them as he ; therefore, said they, 




FORMALIST. 



5° 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRJ. 



we see not wherein thou differest from us but by the 
coat that is on thy back, which was, as we trow, given 

thee by some of thy neigh- 
bors, to hide the shame of thy 
nakednes 

By laws and ordinances you 
will not be saved, since you 
came not in by the door. 
And as for this coat that is on 
my back, it was given me by 
the Lord of the place whither 
I go; and that, as you say, 
cover my nakedness with. 
And I take it as a token of 
kindness to me; for I had 
nothing but rao-s before. 
And besides, thus I comfort 
myself as I go : Surely, think 
I. when I come to the gate of 
the city, the Lord thereof will 
know me for good, since I 
have his coat on my back — a 
coat that he gave me frt 
in the day that he stripped 
me of my rags. I have, 
moreover, a mark in my fore- 
head, which one of my Lord's 
most intimate associates 
fixed there in the day that 
my burden fell off my shoul- 
ders. I had then given me 
a roll, sealed, to comfort me by reading as I go on the 
way; I was also bid to give it in at the Celestial Gate, 
in token of my certain going in after it; all which 




HYPOCRISY. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



5i 



things, I doubt, you want, and lack them because you 
came not in at the gate. 

To these things they gave him no answer ; only they 
looked upon each other, _, 

and laughed. Then I 1 rf^ 
saw that they went on r*/^# 
all, save that Christian 
kept before, who had no 
more talk but with him- 
self, sometimes sighing- 
ly and sometimes com- 
fortably; also he would 
be often reading in the 
roll that one of the Shin- 
ing Ones gave him, by 
which he was refreshed. 

I beheld, then, that 
they all went on till 
they came to the foot of 
the Hill Difficulty; at 
the bottom of which was 
a spring. There were 
also in the same place 
two other ways besides 
that which came 
straight from the gate; 
one turned to the left 
hand, and the other to 
the right, at the bottom 
of the hill; but the nar- 
row way lay right up the 

hill, and the name of the going up the side of the hill 
is called Difficulty. Christian now went to the spring, 
and drank thereof, to refresh himself, and then began 
to go up the hill 




52 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 

The other two also came to the foot of the hill ; but 
when they saw that the hill was steep and high, and 
that there were two other ways to go; and supposing 
also that these two ways might meet again, with that 
up which Christian went, on the other side of the hill ; 
therefore they resolved to go in those ways. Now the 
name of one of those ways was Danger, and the name 
of the ohter Destruction. So the one took the way 
which is called Danger, which led him into a great 
wood, and the other took directly up the way to 
Destruction, which led him into a wide field, full of 
dark mountains, where he stumbled and fell, and rose 
no more. 

I looked, .then, after Christian, to see him go up the 
hill, where I perceived he fell from running to going, 
and from going to clambering upon his hands and his 
knees, because of the steepness of the place. Now, 
about the midway to the top of the hill was a pleasant 
arbor, made bv the Lord of the hill for the refreshing of 
weary travellers; thither, therefore, Christian got, and 
sat down to rest. Then he pulled his roll out of his 
bosom, and read therein to his comfort; he now began 
afresh to take a review of the coat or garment that was 
given him as he stood by the cross. Thus pleasing him- 
self a while, he at last fell into a slumber, and thence 
into a fast sleep, which detained him in that place until 
it was almost night; and in his sleep his roll fell out 
of his hand. Now, as he was sleeping, there came 
one to him, and awaked him, saying, "Go to the 
ant, thou sluggard; consider her ways, and be wise." 
And with that Christian, started up, and sped him 
on his way, and went apace, till he came to the top 
of the hill. 

Now, when he was got up to the top of the hill, there 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



53 



came two men running- to meet him amain ; the name 
of the one was Timorous, and of the other Mistrust ; to 
whom Christian said, Sirs, what's the matter ? You run 
the wrong way. Timo- 
rous answered, that 
they were going- to the 
City of Zion, and had got 
up that difficult place ; 
but, said he, the further 
we go, the more danger 
we meet with ; where- 
fore we turned, and are 
going back again. 

Yes, said Mistrust, 
for just before us lie a 
couple of lions in the 
way, whether sleeping 
or waiing we know not, 
and we could not think, 
if we came within reach, 
but they would present- 
ly pull us in pieces. 

Christian. You 
make me afraid, but 
whither shall I fly to be 
safe ? If I go back to 
mine own country, that 
is prepared for fire and 
brimstone, and I shall 
certainly perish there. 

If I can get to the 
Celestial City, I am 
sure to be in safety there, 
back is nothing but death 




HE AT LAST FELL INTO A SLUMBER. 



I must venture. 
to go forward is 



To 
fear 



go 
of 



5 4 THE PIL GRIM* S PROGRESS. 

death, and life everlasting beyond it. I will yet go 
forward. So Mistrust and Timorous ran down the hill, 
and Christian went on his way. But thinking again of 
what he had heard from the men, he felt in his bosom 
for his roll, that he might read therein, and be com- 
forted ; but he felt, and found it not. Then was Chris- 
tian in great distress, and knew not what to do; for he 
wanted that which used to relieve him, and that which 
should have been his pass into the Celestial City. Here, 
therefore, he began to be much perplexed, and knew 
not what to do. At last he bethought himself that he 
had slept in the arbor that is on the side of the hill ; 
and, falling down upon his knees, he asked God's for- 
giveness for that his foolish act, and then went back 
to look for his roll. But all the way he went back, 
who can sufficiently set forth the sorrow of Christian's 
heart ! Sometimes he sighed, sometimes he wept, and 
oftentimes he chid himself for being so foolish to fall 
asleep in that place, which was erected only for a little 
refreshment for his weariness. Thus, therefore, he 
went back, carefully, looking on this side and on that, 
all the way as he went, if happily he might find his roll, 
that had been his comfort so many times in his journey. 
He went thus, till he came again within sight of the 
arbor where he sat and slept ; but that sight renewed 
his sorrow the more by bringing again, even afresh, 
his evil of sleeping into his mind. Thus, therefore, he 
now went on bewailing his sinful sleep, saying, "O 
wretched man that I am !" that I should sleep in the 
daytime ! that I should sleep in the midst of difficulty ! 
that I should so indulge the flesh, as to use that rest for 
ease to my flesh, which the Lord of the hill hath erected 
only for the relief of the spirits of pilgrims ! 

How many steps have I took in vain ! Thus it hap- 




MISTRUST, 



[55] 



5 6 , THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

pened to Israel, for their sin ; they were sent back again 
by the way of the Red Sea ; and I am made to tread 
those steps with sorrow, which I might have trod with 
delight, had it not been for this sinful sleep. How far 
might I have been on my way by this time ! I am 
made to tread those steps thrice over, which I needed 
not to have trod but once ; yea, now also I am like to 
be benighted, for the day is almost spent. Oh, that I 
had not slept ! 

Now, by this time he was come to the arbor again, 
where for a while he sat down and wept ; but at last, as 
Christian would have it, looking sorrowfully down un- 
der the settle, there he espied his roll ; which with 
trembling and haste he snatched up, and put it in his 
bosom. But who can tell how joyful this man was 
when he had gotten his roll again ! for this roll was the 
assurance of his life and acceptance at the desired haven. 
Therefore he laid it up in his bosom, gave thanks to 
God for directing his eye to the place wiiere it lay, and 
with joy and tears betook himself again to his journey. 
But oh, how nimbly now did he go up the rest of the 
hill ! Yet, before he got up the sun went down upon 
Christian ; and this made him again recall the vanity 
of his sleeping to his remembrance ; and thus he again 
began to condole with himself. O thou sinful sleep: 
how, for thy sake am I like to be benighted in my 
journey. I must walk without the sun ; darkness must 
cover the path of my feet ; and I must hear the noise 
of the doleful creatures, because of my sinful sleep. 
Now also he remembered the story that Mistrust and 
Timorous told him of, how they were frighted with the 
sight of the lions. Then said Christian to himself 
again, These beasts range in the night for their prey ; 
and if they should meet with me in the dark, how 




TIMOROUS 



58 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

should I shift them ? How should I escape being torn 
in pieces ? Thus he went on his way. But while he 
was thus bewailing his unhappy miscarriage, he lift up 
his eyes, and behold there was a very stately palace 
before him, the name of which was Beautiful ; and it 
stood just by the highway side. 

So I saw in my dream that he made haste and we at 
forward, that if possible he might get lodging there. 
Now, before he had gone far, he entered into a very 
narrow passage, which was about a furlong from the 
porter's lodge ; and looking very narrowly before him 
as he went, he espied two lions in the way. Now, 
thought he, I see the dangers that Mistrust and Timor- 
ous were driven back by. (The lions were chained, 
but he saw not the chains.) Then he was afraid, and 
thought also himself to go back, for he feared nothing 
but death was before him. But the porter at the lodge, 
whose name is Watchful, perceiving that Christian 
made a halt as if he would go back, cried unto him, 
saying, Is thy strength so small ? Fear not the lions, 
for they are chained, and are placed there for trial of 
faith where it is, and for discovery of those that had 
none. Keep in the midst of the path, and no hurt 
shall come unto thee. 

Then he went on, trembling for fear of the lions, but 
taking good heed to the directions of the porter ; he 
heard them roar, but they did him no harm. Then he 
clapped his hands, and went on till he came and stood 
before the gate where the porter was. Then said 
Christian to the porter, Sir, what house is this ? And 
may I lodge here to-night ? The porter answered, 
This house was built by the Lord of the hill, and he 
built it for the relief and security of pilgrims. The por- 
ter also asked whence he was, and whither he was going. 




TilE LIONS WERE CHAINED, BUT HE SAW NOT THE CHAINS, 



60 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian. I am come from the City of Destruction, 
and am going to Mount Zion ; but because the sun is 
now set, I desire, if I may, to lodge here to-night. 

Porter. What is your name ? 

My name is now Christian, but my name at the 
first was Graceless ; I came of the race of Japheth, 
whom God will persuade to dwell in the tents of Shem. 

Porter. But how doth it happen that you come so 
late ? The sun is set. 

Christian. I had been here sooner, but "wretched 
man that I am ! " — I slept in the arbor that stands on 
the hill-side ; I had, notwithstanding that, been here 
much sooner, but that, in my sleep, I lost my evidence, 
and came without it to the brow of the hill ; and then 
feeling for it, and finding it not, I was forced with sor- 
row of heart to go back to the place where I slept my 
sleep, where I found it, and now I am come. 

Porter. Well, I will call out one of the virgins of 
this place, who will, if she likes your talk, bring you in 
to the rest of the family, according to the rules of the 
house. So Watchful, the porter, rang a bell, at the 
sound of which came out at the door of the house a 
grave and beautiful damsel, named Discretion, and 
asked why she was called. 

The porter answered, This man is on a journey from 
the City of Destruction to Mount Zion, but being weary 
and benighted, he asked me if he might lodge here to- 
night. 

Then she asked him whence he was, and whither he 
was going ; and he told her. She asked him also how 
he got into the way ; and he told her. Then she asked 
him what he had seen and met with in the way ; and 
he told her. And last she asked his name ; so he said, 
It is Christian, and I have so much the more a desire 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



61 



to lodge here to-night, because by what I perceive, this 
place was built by the Lord of the hill, for the relief 
and security of pilgrims. 
So she smiled, but the wa- 
ter stood in her eyes; and 
after a little pause, she said, 
I will call forth two or three 
more of the family. So she 
ran to the door, and called 
out Prudence, Piety, and 
Charity, who, after a little 
more discourse with him, 
had him into the family; 
and many of them, meeting 
him at the threshold of the 
house, said, "Come in, thou 
blessed of the Lord;" this 
house was built by the Lord 
of the hill, on purpose to 
entertain such pilgrims in. 
Then he bowed his head, 
and followed them into the 
house. So w T hen he was 
come in and set down, they 
gave him something t o 
drink, and consented to- 
gether, that until supper 
was ready, some of them 
should have some particular 
discourse with Christian, 
for the best improvement 

of time ; and they appointed Piety and Prudence and 
Charity to discourse with him ; and thus they began : 
PlETY, Come, good Christian, since we have been 




WATCHFUL THE FOR 'U.K. 



62 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

so loving to you, to receive you in our house this night, 
let us talk with you of all things that have happened 
to you in your pilgrimage. What moved you at first 
to betake yourself to a pilgrim's life ? 

Christian. I was driven out of my native country 
by a dreadful sound that was in mine ears ; to wit, that 
unavoidable destruction did attend me, if 1 abode in 
that place where I was. 

Piety. But how did it happen that you came out of 
your country this way ? 

Christian. It was as God would have it ; for when 
I was under the fears of destruction, I did not know 
whither to go ; but by chance there came a man, as I 
was trembling and weeping, whose name is Evangelist, 
and he directed me to the wicket-gate, which else I 
should never have found, and so set me into the way 
that hath led me directly to this house. 

Piety. But did you not come by the house of the 
Interpreter ? 

Christian. Yes, and did see such things there, the 
remembrance of which will stick by me as long as I live. 
The Interpreter took me and showed me a stately 
palace, and how the people w T ere clad in gold that were 
in it ; and how there came a venturous man, and cut 
his way through the armed men that stood in the door 
to keep him out ; and how he was bid to come in, and 
win eternal glory. Methought those things, did ravish 
my heart ! I would have stayed at that good man's 
house a twelvemonth, but that I knew I had further to 
go. 

Piety. Why, did you hear him tell his dream ? 

Christian. Yes, and a dreadful one it was, I 
thought ; it made my heart ache as he was telling of it ; 
but yet I am glad I heard it. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 63 

Piety. Was that all you saw at the house of the In- 
terpreter ? And what saw you else in the way ? 

Christian. Saw ! why, I went but a little further, 
and I saw one, as I thought in my mind, hang bleeding 
upon the tree ; and the very sight of him made my bur- 
den fall off my back ( for I groaned under a very heavy 
burden,) but then it fell down from off me. Yea, and 
while I stood looking up, for then I could not forbear 
looking, three Shining Ones came to me. One of them 
testified that my sins were forgiven me ; another 
stripped me of my rags, and gave me this broidered 
coat which you see ; and the third set the mark which 
you see in my forehead, and gave me this sealed roll. 
( And with that he plucked it out of his bosom.) 

Piety, But you saw more than this, did you not ? 

Christian. Some other matters I saw, as, namely : 
three men, Simple, Sloth, and Presumption, lie asleep 
a little out of the way, as I came, with irons upon their 
heels ; but I could not awake them. Formalist and 
Hypocrasy also tumbled over the wall, to go, as they 
pretended, to Zion, but were quickly lost, as I myself 
did tell them they w r ould be. I found it hard work to 
get up this hill, and as hard to come by the lions' 
mouths ; and truly if it had not been for the good man, 
the porter that stands at the gate, I do not know but 
that after all I might have gone back again ; but now, I 
thank God I am here, and I thank you for receiving 
me. 

Then Prudence thought to ask him a few questions, 
and desired his answer to them. 

Prudence. Do you not think sometimes of the 
country from whence you came ? 

Christian. Yes, but with much shame and detesta- 
tion. 



64 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Prudence. Do you not yet bear away with you some 
of the things that then you were conversant withal ? 

Christian. Yes, but greatly against my will ; 
especially my inward and carnal cogitations, with which 
all my countrymen, as well as myself, were delighted ; 
but now all those things are my grief. 

Prudence. Do you not find sometimes, as if those 
things were vanquished, which at other times are your 
perplexity ? 

Christian. Yes, but that is seldom ; but they are to 
me golden hours in which such things happen to me. 

Prudence. Can you remember by what ineans you 
find your annoyances, at times, as if they were van- 
quished ? 

Christian. Yes, when I think what I saw at the 
cross, that will do it ; and when I look upon my broi- 
dered coat, that will do it ; also when I look into the 
roll that I carry in my bosom, that will do it ; and when 
my thoughts wax warm about whither I am going, that 
will do it. 

Prudence. And what is it that makes you so disir- 
ous to go to Mount Zion ? 

Christian. Why, there I hope to see him alive that 
did hang dead on the cross ; and there I hope to be rid 
of all those things that to this day are in me an annoy- 
ance to me ; there, they say, there is no death ; and 
there I shall dwell with such company as I like best. I 
would fain be where I shall die no more, and with the com- 
pany that shall continually cry, " Holy, Holy, Holy ! " 

Then said Charity to Christian, Have you a family ? 
Are you a married man ? 

Christian. I have a wife and four small children. 

Charity. And why did you not bring them along 
with you ? 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 65 

Christian. Then Christian wept, and said, Oh, how 
willingly would I have done it ! but they were all of 
them utterly averse to my going on pilgrimage. 

Charity. But you should have talked to them, and 
endeavored to have shown them the danger of being 
behind. 

Christian. So I did; and told them also what God 
had shown to me of the destruction of our city ; "but 
I seemed to them as one that mocked, " and they be- 
lieved me not. 

Charity. And did you pray to God that he would 
bless your counsel to them ? 

Christian. Yes, and that with such affection ; for you 
must think that my wife and poor children were very 
dear unto me. 

Charity. But did you tell f hem of your own sorrow 
and fear of destruction ? 

Christian. Yes, over, and over, and over. They 
might also see my fears in my countenance, in my tears, 
and also in v&y trembling under the apprehension of the 
judgment that did hang over our heads ; but all was 
not sufficient to prevail with them to come with me. 
My wife was afraid of losing this world, and my chil- 
dren were given to the foolish delights of youth ; so 
what by one thing, and what by another, they left me 
to wander in this manner alone. 

Charity. But did you not, with your vain life, damp 
all that you by words used by way of persuasion to bring 
them away with you ? 

Christian. Indeed, I can not commend my life ; for 
I am conscious to myself of many failings therein ; I 
know also, that a man by his conversation may soon 
overthrow, what by argument or persuasion he doth 
labor to fasten upon others for their good. Yet this I 

3 



66 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

can say, I was very wary of giving them occasion, by 
any unseemly action, to make them averse to going on 
pilgrimage. Yea, for this very thing they would tell 
me I was too precise, and that I denied myself of things, 
for their sakes, in which they saw no evil. Nay, I 
think I may say that, if what they saw in me did hin- 
der them, it was my great tenderness in sinning against 
God, or of doing any wrong to my neighbor. 

Now I saw in my dream, that thus they sat talking 
together until supper was ready. So when they had 
made ready, they sat down to meat. Now the table 
was furnished " with fat things, and with wine that was 
well refined ; " and all their talk at the table was about 
the Lord of the hill ; about what he had done, where- 
fore he did what he did, and why he had builded that 
house. And by what they said, I perceived that he 
had been a great warrior, and had fought with and slain 
"him that had the power of death," but not without 
great danger to himself, which made me love him the 
more. For, as they said, he did it with the loss of much 
blood ; but that which put glory of grace into all he 
did, was, that he did it out of pure love to his country. 
And besides, there were some of them of the household 
that said they had been and spoke with him since he 
did die on the cross ; and they have attested that they 
had it from his own lips, that he is such a lover of poor 
pilgrims, that the like is not to be found from the east 
to the west. 

They, moreover, gave an instance of what they af- 
firmed, and that was, he had stripped himself of his 
glory, that he might do this for the poor ; and that they 
heard him say and affirm " that he would not dwell in 
the mountain of Zion alone." They said, moreover, 
that he had made many pilgrims princes, though by 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 67 

nature they were beggars born, and their original had 
been the dunghill. 

Thus they discoursed together till late at night, and 
after they had committed themselves to their Lord for 
protection, they betook themselves to rest; the pilgrim 
they laid in a large upper chamber, whose window 
opened toward the sun-rising; the name of the cham- 
ber was Peace. 

So in the morning after some more discourse, they 
told him that he should not depart till they had shown 
him the rarities of that place. And first they had him 
into the study, where they showed him records of the 
greatest antiquity ; in which, as I remember my dream, 
they showed him first the pedigree of the Lord of the 
hill, that he was the son of the Ancient of Days, and 
came by that eternal generation. Here also was more 
fully recorded the acts that he had done, and the names 
of many hundreds that he had taken into his service ; 
and how he had placed them in such habitations, that 
could neither by length of days, nor decays of nature, 
be dissolved. 

Then they read to him some of the worthy acts that 
some of his servants had done : as, how they had "sub- 
dued kingdoms, wrought righteousness, obtained pro- 
mises, stopped the mouths of lions, quenched the 
violence of fire, escaped the edge of the sword, out of 
weakness were made strong, waxed valiant in fight, 
and turned to flight the armies of the aliens. " 

They then read again, in another part of the records 
of the house, where it was showed how willing their 
Lord was to receive into his favor any, even any though 
they in time past had offered great affronts to his per- 
son and proceedings. 

The next day they took him into the armory, where 



6 8 THE PIL GRIM' S PROGRESS. 

they showed him all manner of furniture, which their 
Lord had provided for pilgrims, as sword, shield, hel- 
met, breastplate, all-prayer, and shoes that would not 
wear out. And there was here enough of this to har- 
ness out as many men for the service of their Lord as 
there be stars in the heaven for multitude. 

They also showed him some of the engines with which 
some of his servants had done wonderful things. They 
showed him Moses' rod ; the hammer and nail with 
which Jael slew Sisera ; the pitchers, trumpets, and 
lamps too, with which Gideon put to flight the armies 
of Midian. Then they showed him the ox's goad where- 
with Shamgar slew six hundred men. They showed 
him also the jaw-bone with which Samson did such 
mighty feats. They showed him, moreover, the sling 
and stone with which David slew Goliath of Gath ; and 
the sword, also, with which their Lord will kill the Man 
of Sin, in the day that he shall rise up to the prey. 
They showed him, besides, many excellent things, with 
which Christian was much delighted. 

Then I saw in my dream, that on the morrow he got 
up to go forward ; but they desired him to stay till the 
next day also ; and then, said they, we will, if the day 
be clear, show you the Delectable Mountains, which, 
they said, would yet further add to his comfort, because 
they were nearer the desired haven than the place 
where at present he was ; so he consented and stayed. 
When the morning was up, they had him to the top of 
the house, and bid him look south ; so he did : and be- 
hold, at a great distance, he saw a most pleasant moun- 
tainous country, beautified with woods, vineyards, fruits 
of all sorts, flowers also, with springs and fountains, 
very delectable to behold. Then he asked the name of 
the country. They said it was Immanuel's Land ; and 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 69 

it is as free, said they, as this hill is, to and for all the 
pilgrims. From thence, said they, thou mayest see to 
the gate of the Celestial City. 

Now he bethought himself of setting forward, and 
they were willing he should. But first, said they, let 
us go again into the armory. So they did ; and when 
they came there, they harnessed him from head to foot 
with what was of proof, lest, perhaps, he should meet 
with assaults on the way. He being, therefore, thus 
accoutred, walketh out with his friends to the gate and 
there he asked the porter if he saw any pilgrim pass by. 
Then the porter answered, Yes. I asked him his name, 
and he told me it was Faithful. 

Christian. Oh, said Christian, I know him ; he is 
my townsman, my near neighbor. How far do you 
think he may be before ? 

Porter. He is got by this time below the hill. 

Christian. Well, good Porter, the Lord be with 
thee, and add to all thy blessings much increase, for the 
kindness that thou hast showed to me. 

Then he began to go forward ; but Discretion, Piety, 
Charity, and Prudence, would accompany him down to 
the foot of the hill. Then said Christian, As it was 
difficult coming up, so, so far as I can see, it is danger- 
ous going down. Yes, said Prudence, so it is, for it is 
a hard matter for a man to go down into the Valley of 
Humiliation, as thou art now, and to catch no slip by 
the way ; therefore, said they, are we come out to ac- 
company thee down the hill. So he began to go down 
but very warily ; yet he caught a slip or two. 

Then I saw in my dream that these good companions, 
when Christian was gone to the bottom of the hill, gave 
him a loaf of bread, a bottle of wine, and a cluster of 
raisins ; and then he went on his way. 



70 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

But now, in this Valley of Humiliation, poor Chris- 
tian had gone but a little way, before he espied a foul 
fiend coming over the field to meet him ; his name was 
Apollyon. Then did Christian begin to be afraid, and 
undecided whether to go back or to stand his ground.' 
But he considered again that he had no armor for his 
back ; and to turn the back to him might give him the 
greater advantage to pierce him with his darts ; so he 
resolved to stand his ground ; for, thought he, had I no 
more in mine eye than the saving of my life, it would 
be the best way to stand. 

So he went on, and Apollyon met him. Now the 
monster was hideous to behold ; he was clothed with 
scales, like a fish, he had wings like a dragon, feet like 
a bear, and out of his belly came fire and smoke, and 
his mouth was as the mouth of a lion. When he was 
come up to Christian, he beheld him with a disdainful 
countenance, and thus began to question with him. 

Apollyon. Whence came you ? and whither are you 
bound ? 

Christian. I am come from the City of Destruction, 
which is the place of all evil, and am going to the City 
of Zion. 

Apollyon. By this I perceive that thou art one of 
my subjects, for all that country is mine, and I am the 
prince and god of it. How is it, then, thou hast run 
away from thy king ? Were it not that I hope thou 
mayest do me more service, I would strike thee now 
at one blow, to the ground. 

Christian. I was born, indeed, in your dominions, but 
your service was hard, and your wages such as a man 
could not live on, ' ' for the wages of sin is death ; " there- 
fore, when I was come to years, I did as other consider- 
ate persons do, look out if perhaps I might mend myself. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 71 

Apollyon. There is no prince that will thus lightly 
lose his subjects, neither will I as yet lose thee ; but 
since thou complainest of thy service and wages, be 
content to go back ; what our country will afford, I do 
here promise to give thee. 

Christian. But I have let myself to another, even 
to the King of princes ; and how can I, with fairness, 
go back with thee ? 

Apollyon. Thou hast in this, "Changed a bad for 
a worse ; " but it is ordinary for those that have pro- 
fessed themselves his servants, after a while to give 
him the slip, and return again to me. Do thou so too, 
and all shall be well. 

Christian. I have given him my faith, and sworn 
my allegiance to him ; how, then, can I go back from 
this, and not be hanged as a traitor ? 

Apollyon. Thou didst the same to me, and yet I am 
willing to pass by all, if now thou wilt yet turn again 
and go back. 

Christian. What I promised thee was in my non- 
age ; and, besides, I count the Prince under whose ban- 
ner now I stand is able to absolve me ; yea, and to 
pardon also what I did as to my compliance with thee ; 
and besides, O thou destroying Apollyon ! to speak 
truth, I like his service, his wages, his servants, his 
government, his company and country, better than 
thine ; and, therefore, leave off to persuade me further ; 
I am his servant and I will follow him. 

Apollyon. Consider, again, when thou art in cool 
blood, what thou art like to meet with in the way that 
thou goest. Thou knowest that, for the most part, his 
servants came to an ill end, because they are trans- 
gressors against me and my ways. How many of them 
have been put to shameful deaths ; and, besides, thou 



72 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

countest his service better than mine, whereas he never 
came yet from the place where he is to deliver any that 
| served him out of their hands ; but as for me, how 
many times, as all the world very well knows, have I 
delivered, either by power, or fraud, those that have 
faithfully served me, from him and his, though taken 
by them ; and so I will deliver thee. 

Christian. His forebearing at present to deliver 
them is on purpose to try their love, whether they will 
cleave to him to the end ; and as for the ill end thou 
sayest they come to, that is most glorious in their 
account ; for, for present deliverance, they do not much 
expect it, for they stay for their glory, and then they 
shall have it, when their Prince comes in his and the 
glory of the angles. 

Apollyon. Thou hast already been unfaithful in 
thy service to him ; and how dust thou think to receive 
wages of him ? 

Christian. Wherein, O Apollyon, have I been un- 
faithful to him ? 

Apollyon. Thou didst faint at first setting out, 
when thou wast almost choked in the Gulf of Despond ; 
thou didst attempt wrong ways to get rid of thy bur- 
den, whereas thou shouldest have staved till thy Prince 
had taken it of ; thou didst sinfully sleep and lose thy 
choice thing ; thou wast, also, almost persuaded to go 
back, at the sight of the lions ; and when thou talkest 
of thy journey, and of what thou hast heard and seen, 
thou art inwardly desirous of vainglory in all that thou 
sayest or doest. 

Christian. All this is true, and much more which 
thou hast left out! but the Prince whom I serve and 
honor is merciful, and ready to forgive ; but, besides, 
these infirmities possessed me in thy country, for there 



THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. 7 3 

I sucked them in ; and I have groaned under them, 
been sorry for them, and have obtained pardon of my 
Prince. 

Then Apollyon broke out into a grievous rage, say- 
ing, I am an enemy to this Prince ; I hate his person, 
his laws, and people ; I am come out on purpose to 
withstand thee. 

Christian. Apollyon, beware what you do ; for I 
am in the king's highway, the way of holiness ; there- 
fore take heed to yourself. 

Then Apollyon straddled quite over the whole 
breadth of the way, and said, I am void of fear in this 
matter ; prepare thyself to die, for I swear by my in- 
fernal den, that thou shall go no further ; here will I 
spill thy soul. 

And with that he threw a flaming dart at his breast ; 
but Christian had a shield in his hand, with which he 
caught it, and so prevented the danger of that. 

Then did Christian draw, for he saw it was time to 
bestir him ; and Apollyon as fast made at him, throw- 
ing darts as thick as hail, by the which, notwithstand- 
ing all that Christian could do to avoid it, Apollyon 
wounded him in his head, his hand, and foot. This 
made Christian give a little back ; Apollyon, therefore, 
followed his work amain, and Christian again took 
courage, and resisted as manfully as he could. This 
sore combat lasted for above half a day, even till 
Christian was almost quite spent ; for you must know 
that Christian, by reason of his wounds, must needs 
grow weaker and weaker. 

Then Apollyon, espying his opportunity, began to 
gather up close to Christian, and wrestling with him, 
gave him a dreadful fall ; and with that Christian's 
sword flew out of his hand. Then said Apollyon, I am 



74 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

sure of thee now. And with that he had almost pressed 
him to death, so that Christian began to despair of life: 
but as God would have it, while Apollyon was fetching 
of his last blow, thereby to make a full end of this good 
man, Christian nimbly stretched out his hand for his 
sword and caught it, saying, "Rejoice not against me, 
O mine enemy : when I fall I shall arise ;" and with 
that gave him a deadly thrust, which made him give 
back ; as one that had received his mortal wound. 
Christian perceiving that, made at him again, saying, 
"Nay, in all these things we are more than conquerors 
through him that loved us." And with that Apollyon 
spread forth his dragon's wings and sped him away, 
that Christian for a season, saw him no more. 

In this combat no man can imagine, unless he had 
seen and heard as I did, what yelling and hideous 
roaring Apollyon made all the time of the fight — he 
spake like a dragon ; and, on the other side, what sighs 
and groans burst from Christian's heart. I never saw 
him all the while give so much as one pleasant look, 
till he perceived he had wounded Apollyon with his two- 
edged sword ; then indeed, he did smile, and look up- 
ward, but it was the dreadfullest sight that ever I saw. 

So when the battle was over, Christian said, " I will 
here give thanks to him that delivered me out of the 
mouth of the lion, to him that did help me against 
Apollyon." 

Then there came to him a hand, with some of the 
leaves of the tree of life, the which Christian took, and 
applied to the wounds that he had received in the bat- 
tle, and was healed immediately. He also sat down in 
that place to eat bread, and to drink of the bottle that 
was given him a little before ; so, being refreshed, he 
addressed himself to his journey, with his sword drawn 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



75 



in his hand ; for he said, I know not but some other 
enemy may be at hand. But he met with no other 
affront from Apollyon quite through this valley. 

Now, at the end of this valley was another, called 
the Valley of the Sha- 
dow of Death, and 
Christian must needs go 
through it, because the 
way to the Celestial City 
lay through the midst 
of it. Now, this valley 
is a very solitary place, 
and Christian was worse 
put to it than in his fight 
with Apollyon ; as you 
shall see. 

I saw th en in my 
dream, that when Chris- 
tian was got to the bor- 
ders of the Shadow of 
Death, there met him 
two men, children of 
them that brought up 
an evil report of the 
good land, making 
haste to go back ; to 
whom Christian spake 
as follows: Whither 
are you going ? 

Men. Back ! back ! and we would have you to do 
so too, if either life or peace is prized by you. 

Christian. Why, what's the matter ? 

Men. Matter ! we were going that way as you are 
going, and went as far as we durst ; and indeed wc were 




TO HIM LET ME GIVE LASTING PRAISE. 



76 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

almost past coming back; for had we gone a little fur- 
ther we had not been here to bring the news to thee. 

Christian. But what have you met with ? 

Men. Why, we were almost in the Valley of the 
Shadow of Death ; but that, by good hap, we looked 
before us, and saw the danger before we came to it. 

Christian. But what have you seen ? 

Men. Seen ! Why, the valley itself, which is as 
dark as pitch ; we also saw there the hobgoblins, satyrs, 
and dragons of the pit ; we heard also in that Valley a 
continual howling and yelling, as of a people under un- 
utterable misery, who there sat bound in affliction and 
irons ; and over that Valley hangs the discouraging 
clouds of confusion. Death also doth always spread his 
wings over it. 

Then, said Christian, I perceive that this is my way 
to the desired haven. 

Men. Be it thy way ; we will not choose it for ours. 
So they parted, and Christian went on his way, but still 
with his sword drawn in his hand, for fear lest he should 
be assaulted. 

I saw then in my dream so far as this valley reached, 
there was on the right hand a very deep ditch, into 
which the blind have led the blind in all ages, and both 
have there miserably perished. Again, behold on the 
left hand, there was a very dangerous quag, into which, 
if even a good man falls, he can find no bottom for his 
foot to stand on. Into that quag king David once did 
fall, and had no doubt therein been smothered, had not 
he that is able plucked him out. 

The pathway was here also exceedingly narrow, and 
therefore good Christian was the more put to it ; for 
when he sought, in the dark, to shun the ditch on the 
one hand, he was ready to tip over into the mire on the 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



77 



other ; also when he sought to escape the mire, with- 
out great carefulness he would be ready to fall into the 
ditch. Thus he went on, and I heard him here sigh 




A COMPANY OF FIENDS. 



bitterly ; for, besides the dangers mentioned above, the 
pathway was here so dark, that oftimes when he lift 
up his foot to set forward, he knew not where or upon 
what he should set it next. 



78 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

About the midst of this valley, I perceived the mouth 
of hell to be near by the way-side. Now, thought Chris- 
tian, what shall I do ? And ever and anon the flame 
and smoke would come out in such abundance, with 
sparks and hideous noises, (things that cared not for 
Christian's sword, as did Apollyon before,) that he was 
forced to put up his sword, and betake himself to another 
weapon, called All-prayer. So he cried in my hearing, 
"O Lord, I beseech thee, deliver my soul!" Thus 
he went on a great while, yet still the flames would be 
reaching towards him. Also he heard doleful voices, 
and rushings to and fro, so that sometimes he thought 
he should be torn in pieces, or trodden down like mire 
in the streets. This frightful sight was seen and these 
dreadful noises were heard by him for several miles 
together ; and coming to a place where he thought he 
heard a company of fiends coming forward to meet him, 
he stopped, and began to muse what he had best to do. 
Sometimes he had half a thought to go back ; then 
again he thought he might be half way through the 
valley ; he remembered also how he had already van- 
quished many a danger, and that the danger of going 
back might be much more than for to go forward ; so 
he resolved to go on. Yet the fiends seemed to come 
nearer and nearer ; but when they were almost at him, 
he cried out with a most vehement voice, " I will walk 
in the strength of the Lord God ! " so they gave back 
and came no further. 

One thing I would not let slip ; I took notice that 
now poor Christian was so confounded, that he did not 
know his own voice ; and thus I perceived it. Just 
when he was come o\ r er against the mouth of the burn- 
ing pit, one of the wicked ones got behind him, and 
stepped up softly to him, and whisperingly suggested 




OMi OF THE WICKED ONES cor BEHIND HIM, AND WH1SPERINGLY SUGGESTED 



MANY GRIEVOUS U.ASHIEMIES TO HIM. 



[79J 



80 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

many grievous blamphemies to him, which he verily 
thought had proceeded from his own mind. This put 
Christian more to it than anything that he met with 
before, even to think that he should now blaspheme 
him that he loved so much before ; yet if he could have 
helped it, he would not have done it ; but he had not 
the discretion either to stop his ears, or to know from 
whence these blasphemies came. 

When Christian had travelled in this disconsolate con- 
dition some considerable time, he thought he heard the 
voice of a man, as going before him, saving, " Though 
I walk through the valley of the shadow of death, I 
will fear no evil, for thou art with me." 

Then he was glad. 

By-and-by the day broke ; then said Christian, He 
hath turned " the shadow of death into the morning." 

Now morning being come, he looked back, not out 
of desire to return, but to see, by the light of the day, 
what hazards he had gone through in the dark. So he 
saw more perfectly the ditch that was on the one hand, 
and the quag that was on the other ; also how narrow 
the way was which led betwixt them both ; also now he 
saw the hobgoblins, and satyrs, and dragons of the pit, 
but all afar off — for after break of day, they came not 
nigh. 

Christian was now much affected with his deliverance 
from all the dangers of his solitary way. About this 
time the sun was rising, and this was another mercy to 
Christian ; for though the first part of the Valley of 
the Shadow of Death was dangerous, yet this second 
part far more dangerous. From the place where he now 
stood, even to the end of the valley, the way was all along 
set so full of " snares, traps, gins, and nets here, and 
so full of pits, pitfalls, deep holes, and shelvings down 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 81 

there, that, had it now been dark, as it was when he came 
the first part of the way, nad he had a thousand souls, 
they had in reason been cast away." 

Now I saw in my dream, that at the end of this val- 
ley lay blood, bones, ashes, and mangled bodies of men, 
even of pilgrims that had gone this way formerly ; and 
while I was musing what should be the reason, I espied 
a little before me a cave, where two giants, Pope and 
Pagan, dwelt in old time ; by whose power and tyranny 
the men whose bones, blood, ashes, etc., lay there, 
were cruelly put to death. But by this place Christian 
went without much danger, whereat I somewhat won- 
dered; but I have learnt since that Pagan had been 
dead many a day; and as for the other, though he be 
yet alive, he is, by reason of age, and also of the many 
shrewd brushes that he met with in his younger days, 
grown so crazy and stiff in his joints, that he can now 
do little more than sit in his cave's mouth, grinning at 
pilgrims as they go by, and biting his nails because he 
cannot come at them. But he held his peace, and set a 
good face on it, and so went by and catched no hurt. 
Then sang Christian: 

"O world of wonders ! (I can see no less) 
That I should be preserved in that distress 
That I have met with here ! O blessed be 
That hand that from it hath deliver' d me ! 
Dangers in darkness, devils, hell, and sin, 
Did compass me, while I this vale was in: 
Yea, snares and pits, and traps, and nets, did lie 
My path about, that worthless, silly I 
Might have been catch' d, entangled, and cast down; 
But since I live, let Jesus wear the crown." 

Now, as Christian went on his way, he came to a 
little ascent, which was cast up on purpose that pil- 
grims might sec before them. Up there, therefore, 
3* 



82 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Christian went, and looking forward, he saw Faithful 
before him, upon his journey. Then said Christian 
aloud, " Ho ! ho ! Soho ! stay, and I will be your com- 
panion ! " At that, Faithful looked behind him; to 
whom Christian cried again, " Stay, stay, till I come up 
to you." But Faithful answered, " No, I am upon my 
life, and the avenger of blood is behind me." 

At this Christian was somewhat moved, and putting 
to all his strength, he quickly got up with Faithful, and 
did also overrun him ; so the last was first. Then did 
Christian vain-gloriously smile, because he had gotten 
the start of his brother; but not taking good heed to 
his feet, he suddenly stumbled and fell, and could not 
rise again until Faithful came up to help him. 

Then I saw in my dream they went very lovingly on 
together, and had sweet discourse of all things that had 
happened to them in their pilgrimage; and thus they 
discoursed : 

Christian. How long, dear friend, did you stay in 
the City of Destruction, before you set out after me on 
your pilgrimage ? 

Faithful. Till I could stay no longer; for there 
was great talk presently after you had gone out, that 
our city would in a short time, with fire from heaven, 
be burned down to the ground. I heard some of your 
neighbors deridingly speak of you and your desperate 
journey, but I do still believe that the end of our city 
will be with fire and brimstone from above. 

Christian. Did they speak of neighbor Pliable ! 

Faithful. Oh yes ! Since he hath gone back he 
hath been greatly derided among all sorts of people. 
He is now seven times worse than if he had never gone 
out of the city. They say, hang him, he is a turncoat, 
he is not true to his profession. I think God has 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. S$ 

stirred up even his enemies to hiss at him, and make 
him a proverb because he hath forsaken the way. I 
met him once in the streets, but he leered away on the 
other side, as one ashamed of what he had done. 

Christian. Wei, neighbor Faithful, let us leave him, 
and talk of things that more immediately concern our- 
selves. Tell me now what you have met with in the 
way as you came. 

Faithful. I escaped the Slough that I perceived 
you fell into, and got up to the gate without that dan- 
ger; only I met with one whose name was Wanton, who 
had like to have done me a mischief. 

Christian. It was well you escaped her net; Joseph 
was hard put to it by her, and he escaped her as you 
did ; but it had like to have cost him his life. But what 
did she do to you ? 

Faithful. You cannot think, but that you know 
something, what a nattering tongue she had; she lay at 
me hard to turn aside with her, promising me all man- 
ner of content. 

Christian. Nay, she did not promise you the con- 
tent of a good conscience. 

Faithful. You know what I mean. 

Christian. Thank God, you have escaped her: "The 
abhored of the Lord shall fall into her ditch." Did you 
meet with no other assault as you came ? 

Faithful. When I came to the foot of the hill called 
Difficulty, I met with a very aged man, who asked me 
what I was, and whither bound. I told him that I am 
a pilgrim, going to the Celestial City. Then said the 
old man, Thou lookest like an honest fellow; wilt thou 
be content to dwell with me for the wages that I shall 
give thee ? Then I asked him his name, and where he 
dwelt. He said his name was Adam the First, and that 



84 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

he dwelt in the town of Deceit. He told me, that his 
work was many delights; and his wages, that I should 
be his heir at last. I further asked him what house he 
kept, and what other servants he had. So he told me, 
that his house was maintained with all the dainties in 
the world ; and that his servants were those of his own 
begetting. Then I asked if he had any children. He 
said that he had but three daughters: the Lust of the 
Flesh, the Lust of the Eyes, and the Pride of Life, and 
that I should marry them all if I would. Then I asked 
how long time he would have me live with him ? And 
he told me, As long as he lived himself. At first, I 
found myself somewhat inclinable to go with the man, 
for I thought he spake very fair; but looking in his fore- 
head, as I talked with him, I saw there written, " Put 
off the old man with his deeds." 

Christian. And how then ? 

Faithful. Then it came burning hot into my mind, 
whatever he said, and however he flattered, when he 
got me home to his house he would sell me for a slave. 
So I bid him forbear to talk, for I would not come near 
the door of his house. Then he reviled me, and told 
me that he would send such a one after me, that should 
make my way bitter to my soul. So I turned to go 
away from him; but just as I turned myself to go, I 
felt him take hold of my flesh, and give me such a 
deadly twitch back, that I thought he had pulled part of 
me after himself. So I went on my way up the hill. 
Xow when I had got about half way up, I looked behind, 
and saw one coming after me, swift as the wind, so he 
overtook me just^about the place where the settle stands. 

Christian. Just there, said Christian, did I sit down 
to rest me; but being overcome with sleep, I there lost 
this roll out of my bosom, 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



Faithful. But, good Brother, hear me out. So 
soon as the man overtook me, he was but a word and a 
blow, for down he knocked me, and laid me for dead. 
But when I was a little come 
to myself again, I asked 
him wherefore he served 
rne so. He said, because of 
my secret inclining to Adam 
the First: and with that he 
struck me another deadly 
blow on the breast, and beat 
me down backward ; so I lay 
at his foot as dead as before. 
So, when I came to myself 
again I cried him mercy; 
but he said, I know not 
how to show mercy; and 
with that knocked me down 
again. He had doubtless 
made an end of me, but that 
one came by, and bid him 
forbear. 

Christian. Who was 
that that bid him forbear? 

Faithful. I did not 
know him at first, but as 
he went by, I perceived the 
holes in his hands and in his 
side; then I concluded that 
he was our Lord. So I 
went up the hill. 

Christian. That man that overtook you was Moses. 
He spareth none, neither knoweth he how to show 
mercy to those that transgress his law. ■ 




DISCONTENT. 



86 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Faithful. I know it very well; it was not the first 
time that he has met with me. It was he that came to 
me when I dwelt securely at home, and that told me 
he would burn my house over my head if I stayed 
there. 

Christian. But did you not see the house that stood 
there on the top of the hill, on the side of which Moses 
met you ? 

Faithful. Yes, and the lions too, before I came at 
it; but for the lions, I think they were asleep, for it was 
about noon; and because I had so much of the day 
before me, I passed by the porter, and came down the 
hill. 

Christian. He told me, indeed, that he saw you go 
by, but I wished you had called at the house, for they 
would have showed you so many rarities, that you would 
scarce have forgot them to the day of your death. But 
pray tell me, Did you meet nobody in the Valley of 
Humility ? 

Faithful. Yes, I met with one Discontent who 
would willingly have persuaded me to go back again 
with him, as the valley was altogether without honor, 
and to go there was to disobey my friends. Pride, Arro- 
gancy, Self-conceit, Worldly-glory, with others, who, he 
knew, would be very much offended, if I made such a 
fool of myself as to wade through this valley. 

Christian. Well, and how did you answer him. 

Faithful. I told him that although all these might 
claim kindred of me, for indeed they were my relations 
according to the flesh ; yet since I became a pilgrim, they 
have disowned me, as I also have rejected them ; and 
now were no more than if they had never been of my 
lineage. I also met with Shame; but of all the men 
that I met with in my pilgrimage, he, I think, bears 



SS THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

the wrong name. The others would be said nay, after 
a little argumentation, and somewhat else; but this 
bold-faced Shame would never have done. 

Christian. Why, what did he say to you? 

Faithful. What ! why, he objected against religion 
itself; he said it was a pitiful, low, sneaking business, 
for a man to mind religion; he said that a tender con- 
science was an unmanly thing; and that for a man to 
watch over his words and ways, so as to tie up himself 
from that hectoring liberty that the brave spirits of the 
times accustom themselves unto, would make him the 
ridicule of the times. He objected also, that but few 
of the mighty, rich, or wise, were ever of my opinion. 
He, moreover, objected the base and low estate and 
condition of those that were chiefly the pilgrims of the 
times in which they lived, also their ignorance and 
want of understanding in all natural science. Yea, he did 
hold me to it at that rate also, about a great many more 
things than here I relate; as, that it was a shame to sit 
whining and mourning under a sermon, and a shame to 
come sighing and groaning home; that it was a shame 
to ask my neighbor forgiveness for petty faults, or to 
make restitution where I have taken from any. He 
said, also, that religion made a man grow strange to the 
great, because of a few vices, which he called by finer 
names ; and made him own and respect the base because 
of the same religious fraternity. And is not this said 
he, a shame ? 

Christian. And what did you say to him ? 

Faithful. Say ! I could not tell what to say at the 
first. Yea, he put me so to it, that my blood came up 
in my face; even this Shame fetched it up, and had 
almost beat me quite off. But at last I began to con- 
sider that "that which is highly esteemed among men, 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 89 

is had in abomination with God." And I thought 
again, this Shame tells me what men are, but it tells 
me nothing what God or the Word of God is. And I 
thought, moreover, that at the day of doom, we shall 
not be doomed to death or life according to the hector- 
ing spirits of the world, but according to the wisdom 
and law of the Highest. Therefore, thought I, what 
God says is best, indeed is best, though all the men in 
the world are against it. Seeing, then, that God pre- 
fers his religion; seeing God prefers a tender con- 
science; seeing they that make themselves fools for the 
kingdom of heaven are wisest; and that the poor man 
that loveth Christ is richer than the greatest man in 
the world that hates him; Shame, depart, thou art an 
enemy to my salvation ! Shall I entertain thee against 
my sovereign Lord ? How then shall I look him in the 
face at his coming? Shame was a bold villain. He 
would be haunting me, and continually whispering to 
me some one or other of the infirmities that attend re- 
ligion ; but at last I told him it was but in vain to at- 
tempt further in this business; so I got past this im- 
portunate one. 

Christian. It was well for you. I am sure it fared 
far otherwise with me; I had for a long season, as soon 
almost as I entered into that valley, a dreadful combat 
with that foul fiend Apollyon; yea, I thought verily he 
would have killed me; especially when he got me down 
and crushed me under him, as if he would have crushed 
me to pieces; for as he threw me, my sword flew out of 
my hand; nay, he told me he was sure of me: but I 
cried to God, and he heard me, and delivered me out of 
all my troubles. 

Moreover, I saw in my dream, that as they went on, 
Faithful, as he chanced to look on one side, saw a man 



90 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

whose name is Talkative, walking at a distance beside 
them ; for in this place there was room enough for them 
all to walk. He was a tall man, and something more 
comely at a distance than at hand. To this man Faith- 
ful addressed himself in this manner. 

Faithful. Friend, whither away? Are you going 
to the heavenly country ? 

Talkative. I am going to the same place. 

Faithful. That is well; then I hope we may have 
your good company. 

Talkative. With a very good will will I be your 
companion. To talk of things that are good, to me is 
very acceptable, with you or with any other; and I am 
glad that I have met with those that incline to so good a 
work ; for, to speak the truth, there are but few that care 
thus to spend their time as they are in their travels, but 
choose much rather to be speaking of things to no profit. 

Faithful. That is indeed a thing to be lamented. 

Talkative. I like you wonderful well, for your 
sayings are full of conviction ; and I will add, what thing 
is so pleasant, and what so profitable, as to talk of the 
things of God ? For instance, if a man doth delight to 
talk of the history or the mystery of things; or if a man 
doth love to talk of miracles, wonders, or signs, where 
shall he find things recorded so delightful, and so sweet- 
ly penned, as in the Holy Scripture ? 

Faithful. Well, then, what is that one thing that 
we shall at this time found our discourse upon ? 

Talkative. What you will. I will talk of things 
heavenly, or things earthly; things moral, or things 
evangelical; things sacred, or things profane; things 
past, or things to come; things foreign, or things at 
home; things more essential, or things circumstantial; 
provided that all be done to our profit. 



THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 9 1 

Faithful began to wonder ; and stepping to Christian, 
i\2 said to him softly, What a brave companion have 
we got I Surely this man will make a very excellent 
pilgrim. 

Christian modestly smiled, and said, This man, with 
whom you are so taken, will beguile with that tongue 
of his, twenty of them that know him not. 

Faithful. Do you know him then ? 

Christian. Know him ! Yes, better than he knows 
himself. 

Faithful. Pray, what is he ? 

Christian. His name is Talkative; he dwelleth in 
our town. I wonder that you should be a stranger to 
him. He is the son of one Say-well, and is known of 
all that are acquainted with him by the name of Talk- 
ative in Prating Row. 

Faithful. Well, he seems to be a very pretty man ? 

Christian. That is to them who have not thorough 
acquaintance with him ; for he is best abroad ; near home, 
he is ugly enough. 

Faithful. But I am ready to think that you but do 
jest, because you smiled. 

Christian. God forbid that I should jest in this mat- 
ter, or that I should accuse any falsely ! I will tell you 
further of him. This man is for any company, and for 
any talk ; as he talketh now with you, so will he talk on 
the ale-bench; and the more drink he hath in his crown 
the more of these things he hath in his mouth ; religion 
hath no place in his heart, or house, or conversation ; 
all he hath, lieth in his tongue, and his religion is to 
make a noise therewith. 

Faithful. Say you so ! then am I in this man 
greatly deceived. 

Christian. Deceived ! you may be sure of it ; remem- 



92 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

ber the proverb, "They say and do not/' But the 
"kingdom of God is not in word, but in power." He 
talketh of prayer, of repentance, of faith, and of the 
new birth; but he knows but only to talk of them. His 
house is as empty of religion as the white of an egg is 
of savor. There is neither prayer, nor sign of repent- 
ance of sin there; yea, the brute in his kind serves 
God far better than he. He is the very stain, reproach, 
and shame of religion, to all who know him. Thus say 
the common people that know him, A saint abroad, and 
a devil at home. His poor family finds it so; he is such 
a churl, such a railer at, and so unreasonable with his 
servants, that they neither know how to do for or speak 
to him. This Talkative will defraud and beguil. Be- 
sides, he brings up his sons to follow his steps. I am 
of the opinion that he has, by his wicked life, caused 
many to stumble and fall ; and will be, if God prevent 
not, the ruin of many more. 

Faithful. Well, I was not so fond of his company 
at first, but I am as sick of it now. What shall we do 
to be rid of him ? 

Christian. Take my advice, and do as I bid you, 
and you shall find that he will soon be sick of your 
company too, except God shall touch his heart and 
turn it. 

Faithful. What would you have me do ? 

Christian. Why, go to him, and enter into some 
serious discourse about the power of religion ; and ask 
him plainly whether this thing be set up in his heart, 
house, or conversation. 

Faithful stepping forward again, said to Talkative, 
Come, what cheer ? How is it now ? 

Talkative. Thank you, well. I thought we should 
have had a great deal of talk by this time. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 93 

Faithful. Well, if you will, we will fall to it now; 
and since you leave it to me, I will tell you all the 
truth. I have heard that you are a man whose religion 
lies in talk, and that your conversation gives this your 
mouth-profession the lie. They say, you are a spot 
among Christians; and that religion fareth the worse 
for your ungodly conversation ; that some have already 
stumbled at your wicked ways, and that more are in 
danger of being destroyed thereby; your religion, and 
an ale-house, and covetousness, and uncleanness, and 
swearing, and lying, and vain-company keeping, etc., 
will stand together. You are a shame to all pro- 
fessors. 

Talkative. Since you are ready to take up reports 
and to judge so rashly as you do, I cannot but conclude 
you are some peevish or melancholy man, not fit to be 
discoursed with ; and so adieu. 

Christian then came up, and said to his brother, I 
told you how it would happen; your words and his 
lusts could not agree: he had rather leave your com- 
pany than reform his life. But he is gone, as I said ; 
let him go, the loss is no man's but his own; he has 
saved us the trouble of going from him. You did well 
to talk so plainly to him as you did; there is but little 
of this faithful dealing with men nowadays, who make 
religion stink in the nostrils of many, as it doth; for 
they are these talkative fools whose religion is only in 
word, and who are debauched and vain in their con- 
versation. I wish that all men would deal with such 
as you have done; then should they either be made 
more conformable to religion, or the company of saints 
would be too hot for them. 

Thus they went on talking of what they had seen by 
the way, and so made that way easy which would 



94 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

otherwise, no doubt, have been tedious to them; for 
now they went through a wilderness. 

Now, when they were got almost quite out of this 
wilderness, Faithful chanced to cast his eye back, and 
espied one coming after them, and he knew him. Oh ! 
said Faithful to his brother, Who comes yonder ? Then 
Christian looked and said, It is my good friend Evan- 
gelist. Ay, and my good friend too, said Faithful, for 
it was he that set me the way to the gate. Now was 
Evangelist come up to them, and thus saluted them: 

Evangelist. Peace be with you, dearly beloved; 
and peace be to your helpers. 

Then Christian and Faithful told him of all things 
that had happened to them in the wa}^ ; and how, and 
with what difficulty, they had arrived to that place. 
Right glad am I, said Evangelist, not that you have 
met with trials, but that you have been victors; and 
for that you have, notwithstanding many weaknesses, 
continued in the way to this very day. I say, right 
glad am I of this thing, and that for mine own sake 
and yours. I have sowed, and you have reaped; and 
the day is coming, when both he that sowed and they 
that reaped shall rejoice together; that is, if you hold 
out: "for in due season ye shall reap, if ye faint not." 
The crown is before you, and it is an incorruptible one; 
"so run that you may obtain it." Some there be that 
set out for this crown, and, after they have gone far for 
it, another comes in, and takes it from them; holdfast, 
therefore, that you have; let no man take your crown. 
You are not yet out of the gun-shot of the devil; you 
have not resisted unto blood, striving against sin; let 
the kingdom be always before you, and believe stead- 
fastly concerning things that are invisible. Let nothing 
that is on this side the other world get within you; and 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 95 

above all, look well to your own hearts and to the lusts 
thereof, "for they are deceitful above all things, and 
desperately wicked;" set your faces like a flint; you 
have all power in heaven and earth on your side. 

Then Christian thanked him for his exhortation. 

Then I saw in my dream, that when they were got out 
of the wilderness, they saw a town before them, and 
the name of that town is Vanity; and at the town there 
is a fair kept, called Vanity Fair; it is kept all the year 
long; it is so called, because the town where it is kept 
is lighter than vanity ; and also because all that is there 
sold, or that cometh thither, is vanity. As is the say- 
ing of the wise, "all that cometh is vanity." 

This fair is no new-erected business, but a thing of 
ancient standing; I will show you the original of it. 
Almost five thousand years agone, there were pilgrims 
walking to the Celestial City, as these two honest per- 
sons are; and Beelzebub, Apollyon, and Legion, with 
their companions, perceiving by the path that the pil- 
grims made, that their way to the city lay through this 
town of Vanity, they contrived here to set up a fair; a 
fair wherein should be sold all sorts of vanity, and that 
it should last all the year long; therefore at this fair are 
all such merchandise sold, as houses, lands, trades, 
places, honors, preferments, titles, countries, kingdoms, 
lusts, pleasures, and delights of all sorts. 

And at all times is to be seen juggling, cheats, games, 
plays, fools, apes, knaves, and rogues, and that of every 
kind. 

Here are to be seen, too, and that for nothing, thefts, 
murders, adulteries, false swearers, and that of a blood- 
red color. 

And as in other fairs of less moment, there are several 
rows and streets, under their proper names, where such 



96 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

and such wares are vended ; so here likewise you have 
the proper places, rows, streets, (viz., countries and 
kingdoms,) where the wares of this fair are soonest to 
be found. Here is the Britain Row, the French Row, 
the Italian Row, the Spanish Row, the German Row, 
where several sorts of vanities are to be sold. But, as 
in other fairs, some one commodity is as the chief of 
all the fair, so the ware of Rome and her merchandise 
is greatly promoted in this fair; only our English 
nation, with some others, have taken a dislike thereat. 
Now, as I said, the way to the Celestial City lies just 
through this town where this lusty fair is kept ; and he 
that will go to the City, and yet not go through this 
town, must needs "go out of the world." The Prince 
of princes himself, when here, went through this town 
to his own country, and that upon a fair day too; yea, 
and as I think, it was Beelzebub, the chief lord of this 
fair, that invited him to buy of his vanities ; yea, would 
have made him lord of the fair, would he but have 
done him reverence as he went through the town. 
Yea, because he was such a person of honor, Beelzebub 
had him from street to street, and showed him all the 
kingdoms of the world in a little time, that he might, 
if possible, allure the Blessed One to cheapen and buy 
some of his vanities; but he had no mind to the mer- 
chandise, and therefore left the town without laying 
out so much as one farthing upon these vanities. This 
fair, therefore, is an ancient thing of long standing, 
and a very great fair. Now these pilgrims, as I said, 
must needs go through this fair. Well, so they did; 
but behold, even as they entered into the fair, all the 
people in the fair were moved, and the town itself as it 
were in a hubbub about them; and that for several 
reasons; for. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 97 

The pilgrims were clothed with such kind of raiment 
as was diverse from the raiment of any that traded in 
that fair. The people, therefore, of the fair, made a 
great gazing upon them; some said they were fools, 
some they were bedlams, and some they were outland- 
ish men. 

And as they wondered at their apparel, so they did 
likewise at their speech: for few could understand what 
they said; they naturally spoke the language of Canaan, 
but they that kept the fair were the men of this world; 
so that, from one end of the fair to the other they 
seemed barbarians each to the other. 

But that which did not a little amuse the merchan- 
disers was, that these pilgrims set very light by all their 
wares; they cared not so much as to look upon them, 
and if they called upon them to buy, they would put 
their fingers in their ears and cry, "Turn away mine 
eyes from beholding vanity," and look upwaids, signi- 
fying that their trade and traffic was in heaven. 

One chanced mockingly, beholding the carriage of the 
men, to say unto them, What will ye buy ? But they, 
looking upon him, answered, "We buy the truth." At 
that there was an occasion taken to despise the men the 
more; some mocking, some taunting, some speaking 
reproachfully, and some calling upon others to smite 
them. At last things came to a hubbub and a great 
stir in the fair, insomuch that all order was confounded. 
Now was word presently brought to the great one of 
the fair, who quickly came down and deputed some of 
his most trusty friends to take these men into examina- 
tion, about whom the fair was almost overturned. So 
the men were brought to examination; and they that 
sat upon them, asked them whence they came, whither 
they went, and what they did there, in such an unusual 
4 



98 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

garb. The men told them that they were pilgrims and 
strangers in the world, and that they were going to 
their own country, which was the heavenly Jerusalem, 
and that they had given no occasion to the men of the 
town, nor yet to the merchandisers, thus to abuse them, 
except it was for that, when one asked them what they 
would buy, they said they would buy the truth. But 
they that were appointed to examine them did not 
believe them to be any other than bedlams and mad. 
Therefore they took them and beat them, and besmeared 
them with dirt, and put them into the cage, that they 
might be made a spectacle to all the men of the fair. 

There, therefore, they lay for some time, and were 
made the objects of any man's sport, or malice, or 
revenge, the great one of the fair laughing still at all 
that befell them. But the men being patient, and not 
rendering railing for railing, but contrariwise, blessing, 
and giving good words for bad, and kindness for in- 
juries done, some men in the fair that were more observ- 
ing, and less prejudiced than the rest, began to check and 
blame the baser sort for their continual abuses to the 
men. They said that for aught they could see, the 
men were quiet, and sober, and intented nobody any 
harm ; and that there were many that traded in their 
fair that were more worthy to be put into the cage, yea, 
and pillory too, than were the men they had abused. 

After words had passed on both sides, the men behav- 
ing themselves all the while very wisely and soberly, 
they fell to blows among themselves. Then were these 
two poor men brought before their examiners again, 
and there charged as being guilty of the hubbub. So 
they beat them pitifully, and hanged irons upon them, 
and led them in chains up and down the fair, for an 
example and a terror to others, lest any should speak in 




LORD HATE-GOOD, 



i oo THE PILGRIM" S PROGRESS. 

their behalf, or join themselves unto them. But Chris- 
tian and Faithful behaved themselves with so much 
meekness and patience, that it won to their side, though 
but few in comparison of the rest, several of the men in 
the fair. This put the other party yet into greater rage, 
insomuch that they concluded the death of these two 
men. Wherefore they threatened, that the cage nor 
irons should serve their turn, but that they should die, 
for the abuse they had done, and for deluding the men 
of the fair. Then were they remanded to the cage 
again, until further order should be taken with them. 
So they put them in and made their feet fast in the 
stocks. 

Then a convenient time being appointed, they 
brought them forth to their trial, in order to their con- 
demnation. When the time was come, they were 
brought before their enemies and arraigned. The 
judge's. name was Lord Hate-good. Their indictment 
was one and the same in substance, though somewhat 
varying in form, the contents whereof were this: 

"That they were enemies to and disturbers of their 
trade; that they had made commotions and divisions 
in the town, and had won a party to their own most 
dangerous opinions, in contempt of the law of their 
prince." 

Then Faithful began to answer, that he had only set 
himself against that which hath set itself against him 
that is higher than the highest. And, said he, as for 
disturbance, I make none, being myself a man of 
peace; the parties that were won to us, were won by 
beholding our truth and innocence, and they are only 
turned from the worse to the better. And as to the 
king you talk of, since he is Beelzebub, the enemy of 
our Lord, I defy him and all his angels. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



101 



Then proclamation was made, that they that had aught 
to say for their lord the king against the prisoner at the 
bar, should forthwith appear "and give in their evidence. 
So there came in three wit- 
nesses, to wit, Envy, Super- 
stition, and Pickthank. 
They were then asked if 
they knew the prisoner at 
the bar ; and what they had 
to say for their lord the king 
against him. 

Then stood forth Envy 
and Superstition who gave 
evidence against the pris- 
oner. 

Then was Pickthank 
sworn, and bid say what he 
knew, in behalf of their lord 
the king, against the pris- 
oner at the bar. 

Pickthank. My Lord, 
and you gentlemen all, this 
fellow I have known of a 
long time, and have heard 
him speak things that ought 
not to be spoke; for he hath 
railed on our noble prince 
Beelzebub, and hath spoken 
contemptibly of his honor- 
able friends, whose names are the Lord Old Man, 
the Lord Carnal Delight, the Lord Luxurious, the 
Lord Desire of Vain-Glory, my old Lord Lechery, Sir 
Having Greedy, with all the rest of our nobility; and 
he hath said, moreover, that if all men were of his 




ENVY. 



102 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



mind, if possible, there is not one of these noblemen 
should have any longer a being in this town. Besides, 
he hath not been afraid to rail on you, my Lord, who 

are now appointed to be 
•isaa his judge, calling you 
an ungodly villain, with 
many other such like 
vilifying terms, with 
which he hath bespat- 
tered most of the gen- 
try of our town 

When this Pickthank 
had told his tale, the 
Judge directed his 
speech to the prisoner 
at the bar, saying, Thou 
runagate, heretic, and 
traitor, hast thou heard 
what these honest gen- 
tlemen have witnessed 
against thee ? 

Faithful. May I 
speak a few words in 
my own defence ? 

Judge. Sirrah ! Sir- 
rah ! thou deservest to 
live no longer, but to be 
slain immediately upon 
the place; yet, that all 
men may see our gentleness towards thee, let us hear 
what thou, vile runagate, hast to say. 

Faithful. Then, in answer to what Mr. Envy hath 
spoken, I never said aught but this, That whatsoever 
is flat against the Word of God, is diametrically oppo- 




SUPERSTITIOX. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



103 



site to Christianity. If I have said amiss in this, con 
vince me of my error, and I am ready here before 



As to Mr. Superstition, 
said only this, That in 



you 
and 
the 



to make my recantation, 
his charge against me, 
worship of God there is 
required a Divine faith ; 
but there can be no 
Divine faith without a 
Divine revelation of the 
will of God. As to 
what Mr. Pickthank 
hath said, I say that the 
prince of this town, with 
all the rabblement, his 
attendants, by this gen- 
tleman named, are more 
fit for being in hell than 
in this town and coun- 
try; and so, the Lord 
have mercy upon me ! 

Then the Judge called 
to the jury (who all this 
while stood by, to hear 
and observe) : Gentle- 
men of the jury, you see 
this man about whom 
so great an uproar hath 
been made in this town. 
You have also heard 

what these worthy gentlemen have witnessed against 
him. Also you have heard his reply and confession. It 
lieth now in your breasts to hang him or save his life. 
You see he disputeth against our religion; and for the 
treason he hath confessed, he deserveth to die the death. 




PICKTHANK. 



104 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Then went the jury out, whose names were, Mr. 
Blind-man, Mr. No-good, Mr. Malice, Mr. Love-lust, 
Mr. Live-loose, Mr. Heady, Mr. High-mind, Mr. En- 
mity, Mr. Liar, Mr. Cruelty, Mr. Hate-light, and Mr. 
Implacable ; who every one gave in his private verdict 
against him among themselves, and afterwards unani- 
mously concluded to bring him in guilty before the 
Judge. And first, among themselves, Mr. Blind-man, 
the foreman, said, I see clearly that this man is a here- 
tic. Then said Mr. No-good, Away with such a fel- 
low from the earth. Ay, said Mr. Malice, for I hate the 
very looks of him. Then said Mr. Love-lust, I could 
never endure him. Nor I, said Mr. Live-loose, for he 
would always be condemning my way. Hang him, 
hang him, said Mr. Heady. A sorry scrub, said Mr. 
High-mind. My heart riseth against him, said Mr. 
Enmity. He is a rogue, said Mr. Liar. Hanging is 
too good for him, said Mr. Cruelty. Let us despatch 
him out of the way, said Mr. Hate-light. Then said 
Mr. Implacable, Might I have all the world given me, 
I could not be reconciled to him; therefore, let us 
forthwith bring him in guilty of death. And so they 
did; therefore he was presently condemned to be had 
from the place where he was, to the place from whence 
he came, and there to be put to the most cruel death 
that could be invented. 

They, therefore, brought him out first, they scourged 
him, then they buffeted him, then they lanced his flesh 
with knives; after that, they stoned him with stones, 
then pricked him with their swords; and, last of all 
they burned him to ashes at the stake. Thus came 
Faithful to his end. 

Now I saw that there stood behind the multitude a 
chariot and a couple of horses, waiting for Faithful, 



106 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS, 

who (so soon as his adversaries had despatched him) 
was taken up into it; and straightway was carried up 
through the clouds, with sound of trumpet, the nearest 
way to the celestial gate. 

But Christian had some respite, and was remanded 
back to prison. So he there remained for a space; 
but he that overrules all things, having the power of 
their rage in his own hand, so wrought it about, that 
Christian for that time escaped them, and w r ent his 
way. 

Now I saw in my dream, that Christian went not 
forth alone, for there was one whose name was Hope- 
ful (being made so by the beholding of Christian and 
Faithful in their words and behavior, in their sufferings 
at the fair), who joined himself unto him, and, enter- 
ing into a brotherly covenant, told him that he would 
be his companion. Thus, one died to bear testimony 
to the truth, and another rises out of his ashes, to be a 
companion with Christian in his pilgrimage. This 
Hopeful also told Christian, that there were many more 
of the men in the fair, that would take their time and 
follow after. 

So I saw that quickly after they were got out of the 
fair, they overtook one that was going before them, 
whose name was By-ends: so they said to him, What 
countryman, Sir? and how far go you this way? He 
told them that he came from the town of Fair-speech, 
and he was going to the Celestial City, but told them not 
his name. 

Christian. From Fair-speech ! Is there any good 
that lives there ? 

By-ends. Yes, I hope. 

Christian. Pray, Sir, what may I call you ? 

By-ends. I am a stranger to you, and you to me: 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



107 



if you be going this way, I shall be glad of your com- 
pany; if not, I must be content. 

Christian. This 
town of Fair-speech, 
I have heard of; and, 
they say, it is a wealthy 
place. 

By-ends. Yes, I 
will assure you that it 
is; and I have very 
many rich kindred 
there. 

Christian. Pray, 
who are your kindred 
there ? if a man may 
be so bold. 

By-ends. Almost 
the whole town; and 
in particular, my Lord 
Turn-about, my Lord 
Time-server, my Lord 
Fair-speech (from 
whose ancestors that 
town first took its 
name), also Mr. 
Smooth -man, Mr. Fac- 
ing - both - ways, Mr. 
Anything; and the 
parson of our parish, 
Mr. Two-tongues, was 
my mother's own bro- 
ther by father's side; and to tell you the truth, I am 
become a gentleman of good quality, yet my great- 
grandfather was but a waterman, looking one way and 




BURNED TO ASHES AT THE SIAKE, 



108 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRE 

rowing another, and I got most of my estate by the 
same occupation. 

Christian. Are you a married man. 

By-ends. Yes, and my wife is a virtuous woman, 
the daughter of a virtuous woman; she was my Lady 
Feigning's daughter, therefore she came of a very hon- 
orable family, and is arrived to such a pitch of breed- 
ing, that she knows how to carry it to all, even to 
prince and peasant. It is true we somewhat differ in 
religion from those of the stricter sort, yet but in two 
small points: first, we never strive against wind and 
tide: secondly, we are always most zealous when reli- 
gion goes in his silver slippers: we love much to walk 
with him in the streets, if the sun shines, and the 
people applaud him. 

Then Christian stepped a little aside to his fellow, 
Hopeful, saying. It runs in my mind that this is one 
By-ends of Fair-speech; and if it be he, we have as 
very a knave in our company as dwelleth in all these 
parts. So Christian came up with him again, and said, 
Sir, you talk as if you knew something more than all 
the world doth; is not your name Mr. By-ends of Fair- 
speech ? 

By-ends. This is not my name, but indeed it is a 
nickname that is given me by some that cannot abide 
me: and I must be content to bear it as a reproach, as 
other good men have borne theirs before me. 

Christian. But did you never give an occasion to 
men to call you by this name ? 

By-ends. Never, never! The worst that ever I did 
to give them an occasion to give me this name was, that 
I had always the luck to jump in my judgment with 
the present way of the times, whatever it was, and my 
chance was to get thereby ; but if things are thus cast 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 109 

upon me, let me count them a blessing; but let not the 
malicious load me therefore with reproach. 

Christian. If you will go with us, you must go 
against wind and tide; the which, I perceive, is against 
your opinion^ you must also own Religion in his rags, 
as well as when in his silver slippers; and stand by him, 
too, when bound in irons, as well as when he walketh 
the streets with applause. 

Then said By-ends, I shall never desert my old prin- 
ciples, since they are harmless and profitable. 

Now 1 saw in my dream, that Christian and Hopeful 
forsook him, and kept their distance before him; but 
one of them looking back, saw three men following by 
Mr. By-ends, and behold, as they came up with him, he 
made them a very low conge ; and they also gave him a 
compliment. The men's names were Mr. Hold-the- 
world, Mr. Money-love, and Mr. Save-all; men that Mr. 
By-ends had formerly been acquainted with ; for in their 
minority they were school-fellows, and were taught by 
one Mr. Gripe-man, a schoolmaster in Love-gain, which 
is a market town in the county of Coveting, in the 
north. This schoolmaster taught them the art of get- 
ting, either by violence, cozenage, flattery, lyitig, or by 
putting on a guise of religion. 

Well, when they had, as I said, thus saluted each 
other, Mr. Money-love said to Mr. By-ends, Who are 
they upon the road before us ? (for Christian and Hope- 
ful were yet within view ) 

By-ends. They are a couple of far countrymen, that, 
after their mode, are going on pilgrimage. 

Money-love. Alas! Why did they not stay, that 
we might have their good company ? 

By-ends. We are so, indeed; but the men before us 
are so rigid, and love so much of their own notions, that 



no THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

if a man jumps not with them in all things, they thrust 
him out of their company. 

Save-all. That is bad, but we read of some that 
are righteous overmuch; rigidness prevails with them 
to judge and condemn all but themselves. 

By-ends. They, after their headstrong manner, con- 
clude that it is duty to rush on their journey all 
weathers ; and I am for waiting for wind and tide. The}' 
are for Religion when in rags and contempt; but I am 
for him when he walks in his golden slippers, in the 
sunshine, and with applause. 

Mr. Hold-the-world. Ay, and hold you there still, 
good Mr. By-ends; for, for my part, I can count him 
but a fool, that, having the liberty to keep what he has, 
shall be so unwise as to lose it. 

Mr. Save-all. I think that we are all agreed in this 
matter, and therefore there needs no more words about 
it. 

Christian and Hopeful the while went on till they 
came at a delicate plain called Ease, where they went 
with much content; but that plain was but narrow, so 
they quickly got over it. Xow at the further side of 
that plain was a hill called Lucre, and in that hill a sil- 
ver mine, which some of them that had formerly gone 
that way, because of the rarity of it, had turned aside 
to see; but going too near the brink of the pit, the 
ground being deceitful under them, broke, and they 
were slain ; some also had been maimed there, and 
could not, to their dying day, be themselves again. 

Then I saw in my dream, that a little off the road, over 
against the silver mine, stood Demas (gentleman-like) 
to call to passengers to come and see; who said to 
Christian and his fellow, Ho ! turn aside hither, and I 
will show you a thing. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 1 1 1 

Christian. What thing so deserving- as to turn us 
out of the way to see it ? 

Demas. Here is a silver mine, and some digging 
in it for treasure. If you will come, you may richly 
provide for yourselves. 

Hopeful then said, Let us go see. 

Christian. No ! I have heard of this place before 
now; and how many have there been slain; and besides 
that, treasure is a snare to those that seek it; for it hin- 
dereth them in their pilgrimage. 

Demas. Not very dangerous, except to those that 
are careless, but he blushed as he spake. 

Christian then said to Hopeful, Let us not stir a 
step, but still keep on our way. 

Hopeful. I will warrant you, when By-ends comes 
up, if he hath the same invitation as we, he will turn 
in to see. 

Christian. No doubt, for his principles lead him 
that way, and a hundred to one but he dies there. 

Demas called again, saying, But will you not come 
over and see? Then Christian roundly answered, say- 
ing, Demas, thou art an enemy to the right ways of the 
Lord of this way, and hast been already condemned for 
thine own turning aside, by one of his Majesty's judges. 
Demas cried again, that he also was one of their fra- 
ternity; and that if they would tarry a little, he also 
himself would walk with them. 

Christian then said, What is thy name ? Is it not the 
same by the which I have called thee ? 

Demas. Yes, my name is Demas; I am the son of 
Abraham. 

Christian. I know you; Gehazi was your great- 
grandfather, and Judas your father; and you have trod 



1 1 2 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 

in their steps. Thy father was hanged for a traitor, 
and thou deservest no better reward. 

Thus they went their way. By this time By-ends 
and his companions were come again within sight, and 
they, at the first beck, went over to Demas. Now, 
whether they fell into the pit or whether they went 
down to dig, or whether they were smothered by the 
damps that commonly arise, I am not certain; but I 
observed, that they never were seen again. 

Just on the other side of this plain, the pilgrims came 
to a place where stood an old monument, at the sight 
of which they were both concerned, it seemed to them 
as if it had been a woman transformed into the shape 
of a pillar. At last Hopeful espied, written above the 
head thereof, a writing in an unusual hand. Christian, 
after a little laying of letters together, found the same 
to be this, "Remember Lot's wife/' So he read it to 
his fellow; after which they both concluded that that 
was the pillar of salt into which Lot's wife was turned, 
for her looking back with a covetous heart, when she 
was going from Sodom for safety. 

I saw, then, that they went on their way to a pleasant 
river; which David the king called "the river of God," 
but John, "the river of the water of life." Now their 
way lay just upon the bank of the river; here, therefore, 
Christian and his companion walked with great delight; 
they drank also of the water of the river, which was 
pleasant and enlivening to their w T eary spirits; besides, 
on the banks of this river, on either side, were green 
trees, that bore all manner of fruit, and the leaves of 
the trees were good for medicine; with the fruit of 
these trees they were also much delighted, and the 
leaves they ate to prevent surfeits and other diseases 
that are incident to those that heat their blood by travels. 



THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 1 3 

On either side of the river was also a meadow, curious- 
ly beautified with lilies, and it was green all the year 
long. In this meadow they lay down and slept ; for here 
they might lie down safely. When they awoke, they 
gathered again of the fruit of the trees, and drank again 
of the water of the river, and then lay down again to 
sleep. Thus they did several days and nights and 
when they were disposed to go on, for they were not, 
as yet, at their journey's end, they ate and drank, and 
departed. 

Now, I beheld in my dream, that they had not jour- 
neyed far, but the river and the way for a time parted ; 
at which they were not a little sorry ; yet they durst not 
go out of the way. Now the way from the river was 
rough, and their feet tender, by reason of their travels. 
Still as they went on, they wished for a better way. 
Now, a little before them, there was on the left hand 
of the road a meadow, and a stile to go over into it; and 
that meadow is called By-path Meadow. Then said 
Christian, this meadow lieth along by our wayside, let 
us go over into it. Then he went to the stile to see, 
and behold, a path lay along by the way, on the other 
side of the fence. It is according to my wish, said 
Christian. Here is the easiest going; come, good Hope- 
ful, and let us go over. 

Hopeful. But how if this path should lead us out of 
the way ? 

Christian. That is not likely. Look, doth it not go 
along by the wayside ? So, Hopeful, being persuaded, 
went after him over the stile. When they were gone 
over, and were got into the path, they found it very 
easy for their feet; and they espied a man walking as 
they did, and his name was Vain-confidence; so they 
palled after him, and asked him whither that way led. 



ii4 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

He said, To the Celestial Gate. Look, said Christian, 
did not I tell yon so ? By this yon may see we are right. 
So they followed, and he went before them. But, 
behold, the night came on, and it grew very dark; so 
that they that were behind lost the sight of him that went 
before. 

He, therefore, that went before (Vain-confidence) not 
seeing the way before him, fell into a deep pit, which 
was on purpose there made by the Prince of those 
grounds, to cath vain-glorious fools withal, and was 
dashed in pieces with his fall. 

Xow Christian and his fellow heard him fall. So 
they called to know the matter, but there was none 
to answer, only they heard a groaning. Then said 
Hopeful, Where are we now ? Then was his fellow T 
silent, as mistrusting that he had led him out of the 
way; and now it began to rain, and thunder, and 
lighten in a very dreadful manner ; and the water rose 
amain. 

Then Hopeful groaned, Oh, that I had kept on my 
way ! 

Christian. Who could have thought that this path 
should have led us out of the way ? 

Hopeful. I was afraid on it at the yery first, and 
therefore gave you that gentle caution. I would have 
spoken plainer, but that you are older than I. 

Christian. Good brother, be not offended; I am 
sorry I have brought thee out of the way, and that I 
have put thee into such imminent danger; pray, my 
brother, forgive me; I did not do it of an evil intent. 

Hopeful. Be comforted, my brother, for I forgive 
thee, and I believe, too, that this shall be for our 
good. 

Christian. I am glad I have with me a merciful 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



"5 



brother; but we must not stand thus: let us try to go 
back again. 

Hopeful. But, good brother, let me go before. 

Christian. No, if you 
please, let me go first, that 
if there be any danger, I 
may be first therein, because 
by my means we are both 
gone out of the way. 

Hopeful. No, you shall 
not go first; for your mind 
being troubled may lead you 
out of the way again. But 
by this time the waters 



were greatly risen, by rea- 
son of which the way back 
was very dangerous. Yet 
they adventured to go back, 
but it was dark, and the 
flood was so high, that in 
their going back they had 
like to have been drowned 
nine or ten times. 

Neither could they, with 
all the skill they had, get 
again to the stile that night. 
Wherefore, at last, light- 
ing under a little shelter, 
they sat down there until 
the day-break; but, being 
weary, they fell alseep. Not 
far from the place where they lay, was Doubting Cas- 
tle, the owner whereof was Giant Despair; and it was 
in his grounds they now were sleeping; wherefore he, 




^.^ 



VAIN- CONFIDENCE. 



1 1 6 THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. 

getting up in the morning early, and walking up 
and down in his fields, caught Christian and Hope- 
ful asleep in his grounds. Then, with a grim and surly 
voice, he bid them awake; and asked them whence they 
were, and what they did in his grounds. They told 
him they were pilgrims, and that they had lost their 
way. Then, said the Giant, You have this night tres- 
passed on me, by trampling in, and lying on my 
grounds, and therefore you must go along with me. 
They also had but little to say, for they knew themselves 
in a fault. The Giant therefore, drove them before him, 
and put them into a very dark dungeon, nasty and 
stinking to the spirits of these two men. Here, then, 
they lay from Wednesday morning till Saturday night, 
without one bit of bread, or drop of drink, or light ; 
they were, therefore, here in evil case, and were 
far from friends and acquaintance. Now in this place 
Christian had double sorrow, because it was through 
his unadvised counsel that they were brought into this 
distress. 

Now, Giant Despair had a wife, and her name was 
Diffidence. So when he was gone to bed, he told his 
wife that he had taken a couple of prisoners and cast 
them into his dungeon, for trespassing on his grounds, 
he asked her also what he had best to do further to 
them. So she asked him what they were, whence they 
came, and whither they were bound; and he told her. 
Then she counselled him that when he arose, in the 
morning he should beat them without any mercy. So, 
when he arose, he getteth him a grievous crab-tree 
cudgel, and goes down into the dungeon to them, and 
there first falls to rating of them as if they were dogs, 
although they never gave him a word of distaste. Then 
he falls upon them, and beats them fearfully, in such 



THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS, 1 1 7 

sort, that they were not able to help themselves, or to 
turn them upon the floor. This done, he withdraws 
and leaves them, there to condole their misery and to 
mourn under their distress. So all that day they spent 
the time in nothing but sighs and lamentations. The 
next night, she, talking with her husband about them 
further, and understanding they were yet alive, did 
advice him to counsel them to make away with them- 
selves. So when morning was come, he goes to them 
in a surly manner as before, and perceiving them to be 
very sore with the stripes that he had given them the 
day before, he told them, that since they were never 
likely to come out of that place, their only way would 
be forthwith to make an end of themselves, either with 
knife, halter, or poison, for why, said he, should you 
choose life, seeing it is attended with so much bitter- 
ness ? But they desired him to let them go. With 
that he looked ugly upon them, and rushing to them, 
had doubtless made an end of them himself, but that 
he fell into a fit. Then did the prisoners consult be- 
tween themselves, whether it was the best to take his 
counsel or no; and thus they began to discourse: 

Christian. Brother, what shall we do ? The life 
that we now live is miserable. For my part I know 
not whether it is best, to live thus, or to die out of hand. 
Shall we be ruled by the Giant ? 

Hopeful. Indeed, our present condition is dreadful, 
and death would be far more welcome to me than thus 
for ever to abide; but yet, let us consider, the Lord of 
the country to which we are going hath said, Thou 
shalt do no murder. Besides, he that kills another can 
but commit murder upon his body; but for one to kill 
himself is to kill body and soul at once. 

Well, towards evening, the Giant goes down into the 



1 1 8 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

dungeon again, to see if his prisoners had taken his 
counsel; but when he came there he found them alive; 
and truly, alive was all; for now, what for want of 
bread and water, and by reason of the wounds they 
received when he beat them, they could do little but 
breathe. 

At this they trembled greatly, and I think that 
Christian fell into a swoon; but, coming a little to him- 
self again, they renewed their discourse about the 
Giant's counsel; and whether yet they had best to take 
it or no. 

Hopeful. My brother, said he, rememberest thou 
not how valiant thou hast been heretofore ? Apollyon 
could not crush thee, nor could all that thou didst hear, 
or see, or feel in the Vallev of the Shadow of Death. 
Wherefore let us bear up with patience as well as we 
can. 

Now, night being come again, and the Giant and his 
wife being in bed, she asked him concerning the pris- 
oners, and if they had taken his counsel. To which he 
replied, They are sturdy rogues, and choose rather to 
bear all hardships, than to make away with themselves. 
Then said she, Take them into the castle yard to-mor- 
row, and show them the bones and skulls of those that 
thou hast already despatched, and make them believe, 
ere a week comes to an end, thou also will tear them in 
pieces, as thou hast done their fellows before them. So 
when the morning was come, the Giant goes to them 
again, and takes them into the castle-yard. These, 
said he, were once pilgrims as you are, and they tress- 
passed in my grounds, as you have done; and when I 
thought fit, I tore them in pieces, and so I will do you. 
Go, get you down to your den again; and with that he 
beat them all the way thither. They lay, therefore, all 




so THEY CONTINUED TOGETHER IN THE DARK THAT DAY, IN THEIR SAP 
AM) DOLEFUL CONDITION. I • l,) ] 



1 20 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

day on Saturday in a lamentable case, as before. Now, 
when night was come, and when Mrs. Diffidence and 
her husband, the Giant, were got to bed, they began to 
renew their discourse of their prisoners ; and withal the 
old Giant wondered, that he could neither by blows nor 
counsel bring them to an end. And with that his wife 
replied, I fear, said she, that they live in hope that 
some will come to relieve them, or that they have pick- 
locks about them, by the means of which they hope to 
escape. And sayest thou so, my dear? said the Giant; 
I will, therefore, search them in the morning. 

Well, on Saturday, about mid-night, they began to 
pray, and continued in prayer till almost break of day. 
Now, a little before it was day, good Christian, as one 
half amazed, brake out in this passionate speech: What 
a fool, quoth he, am I, thus to lie in a stinking dun- 
geon, when I may as well walk at liberty ! I have a 
key in my bosom, called Promise, that will, I am per- 
suaded, open any lock in Doubting Castle. Then said 
Hopeful, That is good news, good brother; pluck it 
out of thy bosom, and try. 

Then Christian pulled it out of his bosom and began 
to try at the dungeon door, whose bolt gave back, and 
the door flew open with ease, and Christian and Hope- 
ful both came out. Then he went to the outward door 
that leads into the castle-yard, and, with his key, 
opened that door also. After, he went to the iron-gate, 
for that must be opened too; but that lock went dam- 
nable hard, yet the key did open it. Then they thrust 
open the gate to make their escape with speed, but that 
gate, as it opened, made such a cracking, that it waked 
Giant Despair, who, hastily rising to pursue his prison- 
ers, felt his limbs to fail, for his fits took him again, so 
that he could by no means go after them. Then they 



THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 2 1 

went on, and came to the King's highway, and so were 
safe, because they were out of his jurisdiction. 

Now, when they were gone over the stile, they began 
to contrive with themselves what they should do at 
that stile, to prevent those that should come after, from 
falling into the hands of Giant Despair. So they con- 
sented to erect there a pillar, and to engrave upon the 
side thereof this sentence — "Over this stile is the way 
to Doubting Castle, which is kept by Giant Despair, 
who despiseth the King of the Celestial Country, and 
seeks to destroy his holy Pilgrims." Many, therefore, 
that followed after, read what was written, and es- 
caped the danger. 

They went then till they came to trie Delectable 
Mountains, which belong to the Lord of that hill of 
which we have spoken before; so they went up to 
behold the gardens and orchards, the vineyards and 
fountains, where also they drank and washed them- 
selves, and did freely eat of the vineyards. Now there 
were on the tops of these mountains shepherds feeding 
their flocks. The Pilprims, therefore, went to them, 
and, leaning upon their staves, they asked, Whose 
Delectable Mountains are these ? and whose be the 
sheep that feed upon them ? 

Shepherds. These mountains are Immanuel's Land, 
and they are within sight of his city; and the sheep 
also are his, and he laid down his life for them. 

Christian. Is this the way to the Celestial City ? 

Shepherds. Your are just in your way. 

Christian. How far is it thither ? 

Shepherds. Too far for any but those that shall get 
thither indeed. 

Christian. Is there, in this place, any relief for 
pilgrims that are weary and faint in the way ? 



1 2 2 THE PIT GRIM* S PROGRESS. 

Shepherds. The Lord of these mountains hath 
given us a charge not to be "forgetful to entertain 
strangers," therefore the good of the place is before 
you. 

I saw also in my dream, that when the Shepherds 
perceived that they were wayfaring men, also put 
questions to them. When the Shepherds heard their 
answers, being pleased therewith, they looked very 
lovingly upon them. 

The Shepherds, whose names were Knowledge, 
Experience, Watchful, and Sincere, then welcomed the 
pilgrims to the Delectable Mountains, took them by the 
hand, and had them to their tents, and made them par- 
take of that which was ready. 

Then I saw in my dream, that in the morning the 
Shepherds called up Christian and Hopeful to walk 
with them upon the mountains and show them some 
wonders. They first took them to the top of a hill 
called Error, which was very deep on the furthest side, 
and bid them look down to the bottom. So Christian 
and Hopeful looked down, and saw at the bottom 
several men dashed all to pieces. These you see, said 
the Shepherds, erred concerning the faith of the resur- 
rection of the body and they have continued to this day 
unburied, as an example to others to take heed how 
they clambor too high or too near the brink of this 
mountain. 

Then I saw that they had them to the top of another 
mountain, and the name of that is Caution, where they 
perceived, as they thought, several men walking up and 
down among the tombs that were there; and they saw 
that the men were blind, because they stumbled some- 
times upon the tombs, and could not get out from 
among them. 



THE PIL GRIM' S PRO GRESS. i 2 3 

Then I saw in my dream, that the Shepherds had 
them to another place, in a bottom, where was a door 
in the side of a hill, and they opened the door. 
Within it was very dark and smoky, and they heard 
rumbling noise as of fire, and a cry of some tormented, 
and they smelt the scent of brimstone. The Shepherds 
told them, This is a byway to hell, a way that hypo- 
crites go in at; namely, such as sell their birthright, 
with Esau; such as sell their master, with Judas; such 
as blaspheme the gospel, with Alexander; and that lie 
and dissemble, with Ananias and Sapphira his wife. 
Then said the pilgrims one to another, We have need 
to cry to the Strong for strength. 

By this time the pilgrims had a desire to go forward, 
and the Shepherds a desire they should; so they walked 
together towards the end of the mountains. Then said 
the Shepherds one to another, Let us here show to the 
pilgrims the gates of the Celestial City, if they have 
skill to look through our perspective glass. They 
looked and thought they saw something like the gate, 
and also of the glory of the place. 

When they were about to depart, one of the Shep- 
herds gave them a note of the way. Another of them 
bid them beware of the Flatterer. The third bid them 
take heed that they sleep not upon the Enchanted 
Ground. And the fourth bid them God-speed. So I 
awoke from my dream. 

And I slept, and dreamed again, and saw the same 
two pilgrims going down the mountains along the high- 
way towards the city. Now, a little below these moun- 
tains, on the left hand, lieth the country of Conceit; 
from which country there comes into the way in which 
the pilgrims walked, a little crooked lane. Here, there- 
fore, they met with a very brisk lad, that came out of 



1 2 4 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 

that country; and his name was Ignorance. So Chris- 
tian asked him from what parts he came, and whither 
he was going - . 

Ignorance. Sir, I was born in the country thatlieth 
off there a little on the left hand, and I am going to the 
Celestial City. 

Christian. But how do you think to get in at the 
gate ? for you may find some difficulty there. 

Ignorance. I know my Lord's will, and I have been 
a good liver; I pay every man his own; I pray, fast, 
pay tithes, and give alms, and have left my country for 
whither I am going. 

Christian. But thou earnest not in at the wicket- 
gate that is at the head of this way; thou earnest in 
hither through that same crooked lane, and therefore, I 
fear, however thou mayest think of thyself, when the 
reckoning day shall come, thou wilt have laid to thy 
charge that thou art a thief and a robber, instead of 
getting admittance into the city. 

Ignorance. Gentlemen, ye be utter strangers to me, 
I know you not; be content to follow the religion of 
your country, and I will follow the religion of mine. I 
hope all will be well. And as for the gate that you talk 
of, all the world knows that that is a great way off of 
our country. I cannot think that any man in all our 
parts, doth so much as know the way to it, nor need 
they matter whether they do or no, since we have, as 
you see, a fine, pleasant green lane, that comes down 
from our country, into the way. 

When Christian saw that the man was "wise in his 
own conceit," he said to Hopeful, .whisperingly, 
"There is more hope of a fool than of him/' Let us 
pass him by, if you will, and talk to him anon, even as 
he is able to bear it. 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



I2 5 



So they both went on, and Ignorance he came after. 
Now when they had passed him a little way, they 
entered into a very dark lane, where they met a man 
whom seven devils had bound with seven strong cords, 
and were carrying of 
him back to the door 
that they saw on the 
side of the hill. As the 
devils led away the man, 
Christian looked to see 
if he knew him; and he 
thought it might be one 
Turn-away, that dwelt 
in the town of Apostasy. 
But being once past, 
Hopeful looked after 
him, and espied on his 
back a paper with this 
inscription, "Wanton 
professor and damnable 
apostate. " 

Now I call to remem- 
brance, said Christian, 
in this same place a 
good man named Little 
Faith who, while on a 
pilgrimage, as we are 
now, chanced to sit 
down and slept. Now 

there came down the lane, from Broadway Gate, three 
sturdy rogues, and their names were Faint-heart, Mis- 
trust, and Guilt. The good man was just awake from 
his sleep, and was getting up to go on his journey. So 
the three rogues with threatening language bid him 




IGNORANCE. 



1 26 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

stand. Then said Faint-heart, Deliver thy purse. But 
he making no haste to do it, Mistrust ran up to him, 
and thrusting his hand into his pocket, pulled out 
thence a bag of silver. Then he cried out, Thieves ! 
Thieves ! With that Guilt, with a great club that was 
in his hand, struck Little-faith on the head, and with 
that blow felled him flat to the ground, where he lay 
bleeding as one that would bleed to death. But, at 
last, they hearing that some were upon the road, and 
fearing lest it should be one Great-grace, that dwells 
in the city of Good-confidence, they betook themselves 
to their heels, and left this good man to shift for him- 
self. 

Xow, after a while, they perceived afar off, one com- 
ing softly, and alone, all along the highway to meet 
them. Yonder, said Christian, is a man with his back 
towards Zion, and he is coming to meet us. So he drew 
nearer and nearer, and at last came up unto them. 
His name was Atheist, and he asked them whither they 
were going. 

Christian. We are going to Mount Zion. 

Then Atheist fell into a very great laughter. 

Christian. What is the meaning of your laughter ? 

Atheist. I laugh to see what ignorant persons 
you are, to take upon you so tedious a journey, and 
you are like to have nothing but your travel for your 
pains. 

Christian. Why, man, do you think we shall not be 
received ? 

Atheist. Received! There is no such place as you 
dream of in all this world. 

Christian. But there is in the world to come. 

Atheist. When I was at home in mine own country, 
I heard as you now affirm, and from that hearing went 




THEN ATHEIST FELL INTO A VERY GREAT LAUGHTER 



128 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

out to see, and have been seeking this city this twenty- 
years; but find no more of it than I did the first day I 
set out. 

Christian. We have both heard and believe that 
there is such a place to be found. 

Atheist. Had not I, when at home, believed, I had 
not come thus far to seek; but finding none, I am go- 
ing back again, and will seek to refresh myself with the 
things that I then cast away, for hope of that which, I 
now see is not. 

Christian then said to Hopeful, Is it true which this 
man hath said ? 

Hopeful. Take heed, he is one of the flatterers; 
remember what it hath cost us already for hearkening 
to such fellows. What! no Mount Zion ? Did we not 
see, from the Delectable Mountains, the gate of the city? 
Also, are we not now to walk by faith ? Let us go on, 
said Hopeful, lest the man with the whip overtake us 
again. 

Christian. My brother, I did not put the question 
to thee for that I doubted of the truth of our belief my- 
self, but to prove thee, and to fetch from thee a fruit of 
the honesty of thy heart. As for this man, I know that 
he is blinded by the god of this w T orld. Let thee and I 
go on, knowing that we have belief of the truth, " and 
no lie is of the truth." 

Hopeful. Now do I rejoice in hope of the glory of 
God. So they turned away from the man; and he, 
laughing at them, went his way. 

I saw then in my dream, that they went until they 
came into a certain country whose air naturally tended 
to make one drowsy, if he came a stranger into it. And 
here Hopeful began to be very dull and heavy of sleep; 
wherefore he said unto Christian, I do now begin to grow 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 129 

so drowsy, that I can scarcely hold up mine eyes ; let us 
lie down here and take one nap. 

Christian. By no means, lest sleeping, we never 
awake more. 

Hopeful. Why, my brother ? Sleep is sweet to the 
laboring man; we may be refreshed if we take a nap. 

Christian. Do you not remember that one of the 
Shepherds bid us beware of the Enchanted Ground ? 
He meant by that, that we should beware of sleep- 
ing. 

Hopeful. I acknowledge myself in a fault; and had 
I been here alone, I had by sleeping run the danger of 
death. 

I saw then in my dream that Hopeful looked back 
and saw Ignorance, whom they had left behind, coming 
after. Look, said he to Christian, how far yonder 
youngster loitereth behind, let us tarry for him. So 
they did. 

Christian then said to him, Come away, man; why 
do you stay so behind ? 

Ignorance. I take my pleasure in walking alone, 
even more a great deal than in company, unless I like 
it the better. 

Christian. Come, how do you ? How stands it be- 
tween God and your soul now ? 

Ignorance. I hope well; for I am always full of 
good motions, that come into my mind, to comfort me 
as I walk. 

Christian. What good motions ? 

Ignorance. Why, I think of God and heaven. 

Christian. So do the devils and damned souls. 

Ignorance. But I think of them and desire them. 

Christian. So do many that are never like to come 
there. 

5 



130 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Ignorance. But I think of them, and leave all for 
them. 

Christian. That I doubt; for leaving all is a hard 
matter: yea, a harder matter than many are aware of. 
But why, or by what, art thou persuaded that thou hast 
left all for God and heaven ? 

Ignorance. My heart tells me so. 

Christian. The wise man says, "He that trusts his 
own heart is a fool. " 

Ignorance. This is spoken of an evil heart, but 
mine is a good one. 

Christian. But how dost thou prove that ? 

Ignorance. It comforts me in hopes of heaven. 

Christian. What dost thou believe ? 

Ignorance. I believe that Christ died for sinners; 
and that I shall be justified before God from the curse, 
through his gracious acceptance of my obedience to his 
law. 

Christian. Let me give an answer to this confession 
of thy faith. 

i. Thou believest with a fantastical faith; for this 
faith is nowhere described in the Word. 2. Thou 
believest with a false faith; because it taketh justifica- 
tion from the personal righteousness of Christ, and 
applies it to thy own. 3. This faith maketh not Christ 
a justifier of thy person, but of thy actions; and of thy 
person for thy actions' sake, which is false. 4. There- 
fore, this faith is deceitful, even such as will leave thee 
under wrath, in the day of God Almighty. 

Ignorance. What ! would you have us trust to 
what Christ, in his own person, has done without us ? 
This conceit would loosen the reins of our lust, and 
tolerate us to live as we list; for what matter how we 






THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 3 1 

live, if we may be justified by Christ's personal right- 
eousness from all, when we believe it ? 

Christian. Ignorance is thy name, and as thy name 
is, so art thou; even this thy answer demonstrateth 




I AM ALWAYS FULL OF GOOD MOTIONS. 

what I say. Ignorant thou art of what justifying 
righteousness is, and as ignorant how to secure thy 
soul, through the faith of it, from the heavy wrath of 
God. 



132 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

Hopeful. Ask him if ever he had Christ revealed to 
him from heaven. 

Ignorance. What ! you are a man for revelations ! 
I believe that what both you say, is but the fruit of 
distracted brains. 

Hopeful. Why, man ! Christ is so hid in God from 
the natural apprehensions of the flesh, that he cannot 
by any man be savingly known, unless God the Father 
reveals him to them. 

Ignorance. That is your faith, but not mine; yet 
mine, I doubt not, is as good as yours, though I have 
not in my head so many whimsies as you. 

Christian. You ought not so slightly to speak of 
this matter; for this I will boldly affirm, that no man 
can know Jesus Christ but by the revelation of the 
Father, of which Faith, I perceive, poor Ignorance, 
thou art ignorant of. Be awakened, then; see thine 
own wretchedness, and fly to the Lord Jesus; and by his 
righteousness, which is the righteousness of God, for 
he himself is God, thou shalt be delivered from con- 
demnation. 

Ignorance. You go so fast, I cannot keep pace with 
you. Do you go on before ; I must stay a while behind. 

Christian. Well, good Hopeful, I perceive that 
thou and I must walk by ourselves again. 

So I saw in my dream that they went on apace be- 
fore, and Ignorance he came hobbling after. 

Christian then said, It pities me much for this poor 
man ; it will certainly go ill with him at last. 

Hopeful. Alas ! there are abundance in our town 
in his condition; whole families, yea, whole streets, 
and that of pilgrims, too; and if there be so many in 
our parts, how many, think you, must there be in the 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 133 

place where he was born ? Are we now almost got 
past the Enchanted Ground ? 

Christian. We have not now above two miles fur- 
ther to go thereon. We will now leave, at this time 
our neighbor Ignorance and fall upon another profit- 
able question. 

Hopeful. With all my heart, you shall begin. 

Christian. About ten years ago, one Temporary 
who was a forward man in religion, dwelt in Graceless, 
a town about ten miles off Honesty, and his house was 
next door to one Turnback. He told me once that he 
was resolved to go on pilgrimage; but all of a sudden 
he grew acquainted with one Save-self, and then he be- 
came a stranger to me. 

Hopeful. Now, since we are talking about him, let 
us inquire into the reason of the sudden backsliding of 
him and such others. There are in my judgment four 
reasons for it : 1. Though the consciences of such men are 
awakened, yet their minds are not changed; therefore 
when the power of guilt wears away, that which pro- 
voked them to be religious ceaseth, wherefore, they 
naturally turn to their own course again. 2. They have 
slavish fears that do overmaster them, though they seem 
to be hot for heaven, so long as the names of hell are 
about their ears, yet when that terror is a little over, 
they betake themselves to second thoughts; and fall in 
with the world again. 3. The shame that attends reli- 
gion lies also as a block in their way; they are proud 
and haughty, and religion in their eyes is low and con- 
temptible. 4. Guilt, and to meditate terror, are griev- 
ous to them. But because they shun the thoughts of 
guilt and terror, when once they are rid of their awak- 
ening about the terrors and wrath of God, they harden 



1 34 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 

their hearts gladly, and choose such ways as will harden 
them more and more. 

Christian. You are pretty near the business, for the 
bottom of all is for want of a change in their mind and 
will. 

Hopeful. Xow I have showed you the reasons of 
their going back, do you show me the manner thereof. 

Christian. So I will willingly, i. They draw off 
their thoughts, all that they may, from the remem- 
brance of God, death, and judgment to come. 2. Then 
they cast off by degrees private duties, as closet prayer, 
curbing their lusts, watching, sorrow for sin, and the 
like. 3. Then they shun the company of lively and 
warm Christians. 4. After that they grow cold to pub- 
lic duty, as hearing, reading, godly conference, and 
the like. 5. Then they begin to pick holes, as we say, 
in the coats of some of the godly; and that devilishly, 
that they may have a seeming color to throw religion 
behind their backs. 6. Ti.3n they begin to adhere to, 
and associate themselves with, carnal, loose, and wanton 
men. 7. Then they give way to carnal and wanton 
discourses in secret. 8. After this they begin to play 
with little sins openly. 9. And then, being hardened, 
they show themselves as they are. Thus, being 
launched again into the gulf of misery, unless a miracle 
of grace prevent it, they everlastingly perish. 

Xow I saw in my dream, that by this time the pil- 
grims were got over the Enchanted Ground and enter- 
ing into the country of Beulah, whose air was very 
sweet and pleasant; the way lying directly through it, 
they solaced themselves there for a season. Here they 
heard continually the singing of birds, and saw every 
day the flowers appear in the earth, and heard the voice 
of the turtle in the land. In this country the sun 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 135 

shineth night and day; wherefore this was beyond the 
Valley of the Shadow of Death, and also out of the 
reach of Giant Despair, neither could they from this 
place so much as see Doubting Castle. Here they 
were within sight of the city they were going to, also 
here met them some of the inhabitants thereof, for in 
this land the Shining Ones commonly walked, because 
it was upon the borders of heaven. Here they had no 
want of corn and wine; for in this place they met with 
abundance of what they had sought for in all their 
pilgrimage. Here all the inhabitants of the country 
called them, "The holy people, The Redeemed of the 
Lord, Sought out." 

Now, as they walked ill this land, they had more 
rejoicing than in parts more remote from the kingdom 
to which they were bound ; and, drawing near to the 
city, they had yet a more perfect view thereof. It was 
builded of pearls and precious stones, also the street 
thereof was paved with gold; so that by reason of the 
natural glory of the city, and the reflection of the sun- 
beams upon it, Christian with desire fell sick; Hopeful 
also had a fit or two of the same disease. But, being 
soon a little strengthened, and better able to bear their 
sickness, they walked on, and came yet nearer and 
nearer, where were orchards, vineyards, and gardens, 
and their gates opened into the highway. Now, as 
they came up to these places, behold the gardener 
stood in the way, to whom the Pilgrims said, Whose 
goodly vineyards and gardens are these ? He answered, 
They are the king's, and are planted here for his own 
delight, and also for the solace of pilgrims. So the gar- 
dener had them in the vineyards, and bid them refresh 
themselves with the dainties. He also showed them 



136 THE PILGRIMS PROGRESS. 

there the King's walks, and the arbors where he de- 
lighted to be; and here they tarried and slept. 

Xow I beheld in my dream, that they talked more in 
their sleep at this time than ever they did in all their 
journey; and being in a muse thereabout, the gardener 
said to me. Wherefore musest thou at the matter ? It is 
the nature of the fruit of the grapes of these vineyards 
to go down so sweetly as to cause the lips of them that 
are asleep to speak. 

So I saw that when they awoke, they addressed 
themselves to go up to the city; but, as I said, the 
reflection of the sun upon the city — for "the city was 
pure gold " — was so extremely glorious, that they could 
not, as yet, with open face behold it, but through an 
instrument made for that purpose. So I saw, that as 
they went on, there met them two men, in raiment 
that shone like gold; also their faces shone as the light. 

These men asked the Pilgrims whence they came; 
and they told them. They also asked them where they 
had lodged, what difficulties and dangers, what com- 
forts and pleasures, they had met with in the way; and 
they told them. Then said the men that met them. 
You have but two difficulties more to meet with, and 
then you are in the city. 

Christian then, and his companion, asked the men to 

along with them; so they told them they would. 

But, said they, you must obtain it by your own faith. 

So they went on together, until they came in sight of 

the gate. 

Xow, I further saw, that betwixt them and the gate 
was a river, but there was no bridge to go over; the 
river was very deep. At the sight, therefore, of this 
river, the pilgrims were much stunned; but the men 



THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 1 3 7 

that went with them said, You must go through, or you 
cannot come at the gate. 

The pilgrims then began to inquire if there was no 
other way to the gate; to which they answered, Yes; 
but there hath not any, save two, to wit, Enoch and 
Elijah, been permitted to tread that path, since the 
foundation of the world, nor shall, until the last trum- 
pet shall sound. The pilgrims then, especially Chris- 
tian, began to despond in their minds, and looked this 
way and that, but no way could be found by them, by 
which they might escape the river. Then they asked 
the men if the waters were all of a depth. They said, 
No; yet they could not help them in that case; for, 
said they, you shall find it deeper or shallower as you 
believe in the King of the place. 

Then they addressed themselves to the water; and 
entering, Christian began to sink, and crying out to his 
good friend Hopeful, he said, I sink in deep waters; 
the billows go over my head, all his waves go over me ! 

Then said the other, Be of good cheer, my brother, 
I feel the bottom, and it is good. Then said Christian, 
Ah ! my friend, "the sorrows of death have compassed 
me about ;" I shall not see the land that flows with 
milk and honey; and with that a great darkness and 
horror fell upon Christian, so that he could not see 
before him. Also he in great measure lost his senses, 
so that he could neither remember, nor orderly talk of 
any of those sweet refreshments that he had met with 
in the way of his pilgrimage. But all the words that lie 
spake still tended to discover that he had horror of 
mind, and heart fears that he should die in that river, 
and never obtain entrance in at the gate. Here also, 
he was much in the troublesome thoughts of the sins 
that he had committed, both since and before he began 



1 38 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 

to be a pilgrim. It was also observed that he was 
troubled with apparitions of hobgoblins and evil spir- 
its, for ever and anon he would intimate so much 
by words. Hopeful, therefore, here had much ado to 
keep his brother's head above water; yea, sometimes 
he would be quite gone down, and then, he would rise 
up again half dead. Hopeful would endeavor to com- 
fort him, saying, Brother, I see the gate, and men 
standing by to receive us; but Christian would answer, 
It is you, it is you they wait for; you have been Hope- 
ful ever since I knew you. And so have you, said he 
to Christian. Ah, brother ! said Christian, surely if I 
was right he would now rise to help me ; but for my 
sins he hath brought me into the snare, and hath left 
me. Then said Hopeful, My brother, you have quite 
forgot the text where it is said of the wicked, " There 
are no bands in their death, but their strength is firm. 
They are not in trouble as other men, neither are they 
plagued like other men." These troubles and dis- 
tresses that you go through in these waters are no sign 
that God hath forsaken you; but are sent to try 
you, whether you will call to mind that which hereto- 
fore you have received of his goodness, and live upon 
him in your distresses. 

Then I saw in my dream that Christian was in a muse 
a while. To whom also Hopeful added this word, Be 
of good cheer. Jesus Christ maketh thee whole; and 
with that Christian brake out with a loud voice, Oh ! I 
see him again, and he tells me, "When thou passest 
through the waters, I will be with thee ; and through 
the rivers, they shall not overflow thee." Then they 
both took courage, and the enemy was after that as still 
as a stone, until they were gone over. Christian there- 
fore presently found ground to stand upon, and so it fol- 




CHRISTIAN URAKE 01 T 



W ITU A l.olT) 



1 M E lll.M 



1 40 THE PILGRIM' S PROGRESS. 

lowed that the rest of the river was but shallow. Thus 
they got over. Now, upon the bank of the river, on the 
other side, they saw the two shining men again, who 
there waited for them ; wherefore, being come out of the 
river, they saluted them, saying, We are ministering 
spirits, sent forth to minister for those that shall be 
heirs of salvation. Thus they went along towards the 
gate. 

Now you must note that the.city stood upon a mighty 
hill, but the pilgrims went up that hill with ease, be- 
cause they had these two men to lead them up by the 
arms; also, they had left their mortal garments behind 
them in the river, for though they went in with them, 
they came out without them. They, therefore, went up 
here with much agility and speed, though the founda- 
tion upon which the city was framed was higher than 
the clouds. They went up through the regions of the 
air, sweetly talking as they w T ent, being comforted, be- 
cause they safely got over the river, and had such glori- 
ous companions to attend them. 

The talk they had with the Shining Ones was about 
the glory of the place; who told them that the beauty 
and glory of it was inexpressible. There, said they, is 
ki Mount Zion, the heavenly Jerusalem, the innumera- 
ble company of angels, and the spirits of just men 
made perfect." You are going now, said they, to the 
Paradise of God, wherein you shall see the tree of life, 
and eat of the never-fading fruits thereof ; and when you 
come there, you shall have white robes given you, and 
your walk and talk shall be every day with the King, 
even all the days of eternity. There you shall not see 
again such things as you saw when you were in the 
lower region upon the earth, to wit, sorrow, sickness, 
affliction, and death, " for the former things are passed 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



141 






away." You are now going to Abraham, to Isaac, and 
Jacob, and to the prophets — men that God hath taken 
away from the evil to 
come, and that are now 
resting upon their beds, 
each one walking in his 
righteousness. The 
man then asked, What 
must w r e do in the holy 
place ? To whom it 
was answered, You 
must there receive the 
comforts of all your toil, 
and have joy for all your 
sorrow; you must reap 
what you have sown, 
even the fruit of all your 
prayers, and tears, and 
sufferings for the King 
by the way. In that 
place you must wear 
crowns of gold, and en- 
joy the perpetual sight 
of the Holy One, for 
" there you shall see 
him as he is." There 
also you shall serve him 
continually with praise, 
with shouting, and 
thanksgiving, whom you 
desired to serve in the 
world, though with 

much difficulty, because of the infirmity of your flesh. 
There your eyes shall be delighted with seeing, and 




THUS THEY GOT OVER. 



142 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRL 

your ears with hearing the pleasant voice of the Mighty 
One. There you shall enjoy your friends again, that 
are gone thither before you ; and there you shall with 
joy receive every one that follows into the holy place 
r you. There also shall you be clothed with glory 
and majesty, and put into an equipage fit to ride out 
with the King of Glory. When he shall come with 
nd of trumpet in the clouds, as upon the wings 
of the wind, you shall come him; and when he 

shall sit upon the throne of judgment, you shall sit by 
him; yea, and when he shall pass sentence upon 
all the workers of iniquity, let them be angels or 
men, you also shall have a voice in that judgment, 
because they were his and your enemies. Also, when 
he shall again return to the city, ; a shall go too. with 
sound of trumpet, and be ever with him. 

N . while they were thus drawing towards the gate, 
behold a com: : the heave: st came out to 

meet them ; to whom it was said, by the other two 
Shining Ones, These are the men that have loved our 
Lord when they were in the world, and that have left 
all for his holy name ; and he hath sent us to fetch them, 
and we have brought them thus far on their desired jour- 
ney, that they may go in and look their Redeemer in 
the face with joy. Then the heavenly host gave a 
great shout, saying, lk Blessed are they which are called 
unto the marriage supper of the Lamb." There came 
out also at this time to meet them several of the King's 
trumpeters, clothed in white and shining raiment, who, 
with melodious noises, and loud, made even the heavens 
to echo with their sound. These trumpeters saluted 
Christian and his fellow with ten thousand welcomes, 
and this they did with shouting, and sound of trumpet. 

This done, they compassed them round on every side; 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



143 



some went before, some behind, and some on the right 
hand, some on the left (as it were to guard them 
through the tipper re- 
gions), continually 
sounding as they went, 
in notes on high: so 
that it was to them that 
could behold it, as if 
heaven itself was come 
down to meet them. 
Thus, they walked on 
together; and as they 
walked, ever and anon 
these trumpeters, with 
joyful sound, would, by 
mixing their music with 
looks and gestures, still 
signify to Christian and 
his brother how wel- 
come they were into 
their company, and with 
what gladness they came 
to meet them; and now 
were these two men, as 
it were, in heaven before 
they came at it, being 
swallowed up with the 
sights of angels, and 
with hearing of their 
melodious notes. Here 
also they had the city one of the king's trumpeters. 

itself in view, and they 

thought they heard all the bells therein to ring, to wel- 
come them thereto. But above all, the warm and joy- 




144 THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 

fill thoughts that they had about their own dwelling- 
there, with such company, and that forever and ever. 
Oh, by what tongue or pen can their glorious joy be 
expressed ! And thus they came up to the gate, over 
which was written in letters of gold, "Blessed are they 
that do his commandments, that they may have right 
to the tree of life, and may enter m through the gates 
into the city." 

Then I saw in my dream that the Shining Men bid 
them call at the gate; the which, when they did, some 
looked from above over the gate, to wit, Enoch, Moses, 
and Elijah, etc., to whom it was said, These pilgrims 
are come from the City of Destruction, for the love that 
thev bear to the King of this place; and then the pil- 
grims gave in unto them each man his certificate, 
which they had received in the beginning; those, 
therefore, were carried in to the King, who, when he 
had read them, said, where are the men ? To whom it 
was answered, They are standing without the gate. 
The King then commanded to open the gate, "That 
the righteous nation," said he, "which keepeth the 
truth may enter in." 

Xow I saw in my dream that these two men went in 
at the gate; and lo, as they entered, they were trans- 
figured, and they had raiment put on that shone like 
gold. There were also that met them with harps and 
crowns, and gave them to them — the harps to praise 
withal, and the crowns in token of honor. Then I heard 
in my dream that all the bells in the city rang again for 
joy, and that it was said unto them, "Enter ye into the 
of YnfR Lord." I also heard the men themselves, 
that they sang with a loud voice, saying, "Blessing, 

AND HONOR, AND GLORY, AND LOWER. BE UNTO HIM THAT 






THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 145 

SITTETH UPON THE THRONE, AND UNTO THE LAMB, FOR 
EVER AND EVER." 

Now, just as the gates were opened to let in the men, 
I looked in after them, and, behold, the City shone like 
the sun; the streets also were paved with gold, and in 
them walked many men, with crowns on their heads, 
palms in their hands, and golden harps to sing praises 
withal. 

There were also of them that had wings, and they 
answered one another without intermission, saying, 
" Holy, holy, holy is the Lord/' And after that they 
shut up the gates ; which, when I had seen, I wished 
myself among them. 

Now while I was gazing upon all these things, I 
turned my head to look back, and saw Ignorance come 
up to the river side ; but he soon got over, and that with- 
out half the difficulty which the other two men met with. 
For it happened that there was then in that place one 
Vain-hope, a ferryman, that with his boat helped him 
over; so he, as the other I saw, did ascend the hill, to 
come up to the gate, only he came alone; neither did 
any man meet him with the least encouragement. When 
he was come up to the gate, he looked up to the writ- 
ing that was above, and then began to knock, suppos- 
ing that entrance should have been quickly administered 
to him; but he was asked by the men that looked over 
the top of the gate, Whence came you ? and what would 
you have ? He answered, I have eat and drank in the 
presence of the King, and he has taught in our streets. 
Then they asked him for his certificate, that they might 
go in and show it to the King; so he fumbled in his 
bosom for one, and found none. Then they said, Have 
you none ? But the man answered never a word. So 
they told the King, but he would not come down to sec 

5* 



146 



THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 



him, but commanded the two Shining- Ones that con- 
ducted Christian and Hopeful to the City, to go out and 
take Ignorance, and bind him hand and foot, and have 
him away. Then they took him up, and carried him, 
through the air, to the door that I saw in the side of the 
hill, and put him in there. Then I saw that there was 
a way to hell, even from the gates of heaven, as well as 
from the City of Destruction. 

So I awoke, and behold it was a dream. 




THE PILGRIM'S PROGRESS. 147 



CONCLUSION. 



NOW, reader, I have told my dream to thee 
See if thou canst interpret it to me, 
Or to thyself or neighbor; but take heed 
Of misinterpreting; for that, instead 
Of doing good, will but thyself abuse : 
By misinterpreting, evil ensues. 

Take heed also that thou be not extreme 
In playing with the outside of my dream ; 
Nor let my figure or similitude 
Put thee into a laughter or a feud. 
Leave this for boys and fools; but as for thee, 
Do thou the substance of my matter see. 

Put by the curtains, look within my veil ; 
Turn up my metaphors, and do not fail, 
There, if thou seekest them, such things to find 
As will be helpful to an honest mind. 

What of my dross thou findest there, be bold 
To throw away ; but yet preserve the gold. 
What if my gold be wrapped up in ore ? — 
None throws away the apple for the core. 
But if thou shalt cast all away as vain, 
I know not but 'twill make me dream again. 



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